156 FIRST LESSONS IN ZOOLOGY. 



bass and lake-bass. In our ponds are perch, bass, pickerel, 

 and trout, and these have their separate stations; the vora- 

 cious bass spawning at the edge of the water, and there 

 bringing up its shoals of young, driving off all other fish, 

 while the lake-trout lie at the bottom. In extreme cases 

 the flying-fish uses its pectoral fins as wings to aid it in 

 leaping over the waves when pursued by larger fish ; while 

 the Ana~bas, or walking-fish of India, actually leaves its 

 ponds and travels in companies over the land from one pond 

 to another. 



By an economical arrangement fishes often use the same 

 spawning-grounds, but at different seasons; the trout and 

 perch spawn in the winter in the shallows of rivers or ponds, 

 while the sunfish or bream and horned pout use the same 

 ground in summer. The eggs of the cod rise to the surface 

 of the ocean and there float out of harm's way, and in our 

 bays and harbors the eggs of the cunner are found at the 

 surface, with the young in different stages of growth. 



There are pelagic fishes, which are never seen in sight of 

 land, while in the abysses of the ocean are strange forms 

 which have become specially adapted for life at great 

 depths. 



Most of these, living in perpetual darkness, are phosphor- 

 escent, lighting up the deep around them so that they may 

 perceive one another, and perhaps detect their food. 



W p will now pass in review some of the typical bony fishes. 



ORDERS OF BONY FISHES. 



Order 1. Body long; ventral fins 

 either abdominal or wanting. . . Opisfliomi. Notacanthus. 



Order 2. Body long, snake- like; 

 no ventral fins Apodes. Eel. 



Order 3. Five pairs of gills; mouth 

 enormous; no fins Lyomeri. Eurypharynx. 



Order 4. Body broad; lips with 

 barbels Nematognathi. Catfish, Pouts. 



Order 5. Body more or less ob- 

 long (in African rivers) Scyphophori. Mormyrus. 



