202 



FIRST LESSONS IN ZOOLOGY. 



The differences between the feathers, especially of the 

 wings and back, aid us in discriminating the different kinds 

 of birds. The student should have a dead or stuffed bird 

 before him, and, with the aid of Fig. 210, learn the names 

 of the different kinds of feathers, as well as the other terms 



Br 



FIG. 210. Topography of the Dove. Al, alula; B, belly: Bk, hack; Br, hreast; C 

 crown; E, ear; F, forehead; L, lore; Gc, greater coverts ; Li; lesser coverts; 

 Me, middle coverts; JV, nape; O, occiput; P, primaries; S', secondaries; R, 

 rump; Sr, scutellate and reticulate tarsus; T, tail; Tu, tertiaries; Tc, tail cov- 

 erts; Th, throat. 



used in descriptive ornithology. Of the wing-feathers, the 

 primaries (or primary remiges) are attached along the lower 

 edge of the wing from the tip to the carpal joint ; the sec- 

 ondaries extend from the carpal joint to the elbow-joint. 

 There are usually ten primaries, and a greater number of 

 secondaries (from six to forty). All the remiges are covered 



