SECT, iv PHYLUM CCELENTERATA 169 



External Characteristics. The general arrangement of the 

 parts of the body is very similar to what we are already familiar 

 with in the hydrozoan jelly-fishes. Most conspicuous is the 

 concavo-convex umbrella, the convex surface of which, or ex- 

 umbrella, is uppermost in the ordinary swimming position (Figs. 

 127 and 128, A). The outline is approximately circular, but is 

 broken by eight notches, in each of which lies a pair of delicate 

 processes, the marginal lappets (mg. Ip) : between the pairs of 

 lappets the edge of the umbrella is fringed by numerous close-set 

 marginal tentacles (t). 



A narrow region of the umbrella adjoining the edge is very thin 

 and flexible : the structure thus constituted, with its marginal 

 notches and the fringe of marginal tentacles, is the velarium. 

 Unlike the true velum of the medusa3 of the Hydrozoa the 

 velarium contains endodermal canals. 



In the centre of the lower or sub-umbrellar surface is a four- 

 sided aperture, the mouth (mill), borne at the end of an extremely 

 short and inconspicuous manubrium : surrounding it are four long 

 delicate processes, the oral arms (or. a), lying one at each angle 

 of the mouth and uniting around it. Each arm consists of a 

 folded membrane, tapering to a point at its distal end, beset 

 along its edges with minute lobules, and abundantly provided 

 with stinging-capsules. The angles of the mouth and the arms 

 he in the four per-radii, i.e. at the end of the two principal axes 

 of the radially symmetrical body : of the marginal notches with 

 their lappets, four are per-radial and four inter-radial. 



At a short distance from each of the straight sides of the 

 mouth, and therefore inter-radial in position, is a nearly circular 

 aperture leading into a shallow pouch, the sub-genital pit (s.g.p), 

 which lies immediately beneath one of the conspicuously coloured 

 gonads (gon). The sub -genital pits have no connection with the 

 reproductive system, and are probably respiratory in function. 



Digestive Cavity and Canal-System. The mouth leads by 

 a short tube or gullet (gul), contained in the manubrium, into a 

 spacious stomach (st), which occupies the whole middle region of 

 the umbrella, and is produced into four wide inter-radial gastric 

 pouches (g.p), which extend about halfway from the centre to 

 the circumference, and are separated from one another by thick 

 pillar-like portions of the umbrella-jelly. In the outer or peri- 

 pheral wall of each gastric pouch are three small apertures, 

 leading into as many radial canals, which pass to the edge of 

 the umbrella and there unite in a very narrow circular canal 

 (circ. c). The canal, which opens by the middle of the three- 

 holes, is of course inter-radial (i.r.c) : it divides immediately 

 into three, and each division branches again : the canals from the 

 other two holes are ad-radial (a.r.c), and pass to the circular canal 

 without branching. There is also an aperture in the re-entering 



