MAMMOTH AND MASTODON. 



599 



great size, some being five metres long. It formerly ranged 

 in herds over northern Europe and Asia, as well as America, 

 bones occurring under swamps in the Northern and Middle 

 United States. A carcass frozen in the ice, with the hair 

 still on, was discovered near the mouth of the Lena River in 

 Siberia. A pigmy, extinct Maltese elephant of the late Ter- 

 tiary Period was only 1.7 metres in height. 



The Mastodon was characterized by having incisors in both 

 jaws of some of the species. The mastodon had molars with 



Fig. 521. Dinotherium. From a restoration by Brandt. 



conical cusps, and was 3f-4 metres (12-13 feet) in height. 

 The mastodon (Mastodon giganteum Cuvier) was an earlier 

 type than the elephant, and formerly inhabited the North 

 American continent. 



In the Dinotherium of the Middle Tertiary (Fig. 521) there 

 were only two incisors, and they grew out from the under 

 jaw. It was elephantine in its form, according to Brandt. 



Order 8. Hyracoidea. With some affinities to the Ro- 

 dentia, and a decided resemblance in some particulars to 



