CLASS AVES 589 



Order 2. Ichthyornithiformes. - - Fossil, toothed-birds from 

 America, with teeth set in separate sockets. Example: Ich- 

 thyornis (Fig. 479). 



Orders. Struthioniformes. -- OSTRICHES. -- Flightless, ter- 

 restrial birds with naked head, neck, and legs; feet with two 

 toes; without pygostyle; no keel on sternum. Example: 

 Struthio, African Ostrich (Fig. 480). 



Order 4. Rheiformes. RHEAS. Flightless, terrestrial birds 

 with partially feathered head and neck; feathers without after- 

 shaft; feet with three toes. Example: Rhea, American Ostrich 

 (Fig. 481). 



Order 5. Casuariiformes. - - CASSOWARIES and EMEUS. - 

 Flightless terrestrial birds with very small wings; feathers with 

 large aftershaft. Examples: Casuarius, Cassowary; Drom&us, 

 Emeu (Fig. 482). 



Order 6. Crypturiformes. - - TINAMOUS. - - Flying, terrestrial 

 birds, with short tail; no pygostyle. Example: Tinamus (Fig. 



483). 



Order 7. Dinornithiformes. MOAS. Flightless, terrestrial 

 birds, with enormous hind limbs; wing bones absent ; all extinct. 

 Example: Dinornis (Fig. 484). 



Order 8. -5pyornithiformes. ELEPHANT-BIRDS. Flightless, 

 terrestrial birds, with enormous hind limbs; sternum and wings 

 small ; eggs very large ; all extinct. Example : jEpyornis. 



Order 9. Apterygiformes. - - KIWIS. - - Flightless terrestrial 

 birds; feathers hair-like and without aftershaft; all small in 

 size. Example: Apteryx (Fig. 485). 



Order 10. Sphenisciformes. PENGUINS. Flightless marine 

 birds, with small, scale-like feathers ; wings modified as 

 paddles for swimming; one family. Example: Spheniscus 

 (Fig. 486). 



Order u. Colymbiformes. LOONS and GREBES. Aquatic 

 birds with webbed or lobed toes; feet far back; body carried 

 upright; two suborders and two families. Examples: Gavia, 

 Loon (Fig. 487); Dytes, Grebe, 



