352 



COLLEGE ZOOLOGY 



tail, Papilio turnus, is a well-known species. Its larvae feed 

 principally on the wild cherry. A "negro" variety of the tiger 

 swallowtail called glaucus occurs in some localities. 



The family NYMPHALID.E, or brush-footed butterflies, con- 

 tains many common and interesting species. The mourning- 

 cloak, Envanessa antiopa, is one of the first to appear in the 

 spring. Its larvae are injurious to willows and poplars, the 

 leaves of which they devour. The milkweed or monarch 

 butterfly, Anosia plcxippus (Fig. 283), is 

 abundant about milkweed. It is distasteful 

 to birds, and is therefore immune to attack. 



FIG. 284. Order LEPIDOPTERA. Cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapa. 

 a, caterpillar, b, chrysalis. (From Osborn, after Riley.) 



The viceroy, Basilarchia ar chip pus, which is edible, apparently 

 mimics the monarch so as to profit by the immunity of the 

 latter. 



The cabbage-butterfly, Pieris rapa (Fig. 284), is a member of 

 the family PIERID.^E. It is a serious pest because of the de- 

 struction to cabbages caused by its green caterpillars. This 

 species was accidentally introduced from Europe. It was first 

 discovered at Quebec in 1860. From there it rapidly spread over 

 a large part of North America. 



SUBORDER 2. HETEROCERA (MOTHS). - -The moths are of 

 great importance to man because of the damage done by some 

 of them and the benefits derived from others. The hawk-moths, 

 or humming-bird moths (SPHINGID.E) , have a thick body and 

 narrow, pointed wings, and, when hovering before a petunia or 



