xvi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



Fl'.. PAGE 



980. Columba livia, muscles of wing . . . 367 



981. ,, ,, dissection from right side . . 369 



982. ,, ,, lungs and trachea . . 370 



983. Diagram of air-sacs of a Bird . . 372 



984. Columba livia, heart . 373 



985. ,, ,, vascular system . . 375 



986. ,, brain . . 376 



987. ,, ,, dissections of brain . . 377 



988. ,, eye . 378 



980. ,, ,, auditory organ ... . 379 



990. ,, ,, urinogenital organs, male . . . 380 



991. ,, ,, ,, ,, female . . 380 



992. Apteryx australis ... . 384 



993. Hesperornis regalis, skeleton . . 385 



994. Ichthyornis victor . . 386 



995. Eudyptes aiitipodum . ... ... 387 



996. Archasopteryx lithographica ... . . 390 



997. ,, skull . 391 



998. ,, ,, manus . 391 



999. Opisthocomus and Apteryx, wings . 393 



1000. Gypaetos and Ardea, pterylosis 394 



1001. Casuarius, feather . 395 



1002. Gallus, Turdus, Vultur, Procellaria, and Casuarius, sterna . . 397 

 1002 bis. Eudyptes pachyrhynchus, skeleton .... . 398 



1003. Apteryx mantelli, skull of young specimen, side view . . 399 



1004. ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, dorsal view . 400 



1005. Anas boschas, skull 401 



1005 bis. Ara ararauna, skull . 401 



1006. Apjteryx mantelli, shoulder-girdle .... . 402 



1007. Dinornis robustus, skeleton .... . 403 



1008. Sterna wilsoni, fore-limb of embryo ... . 404 



1009. Apteryx australis, left innominate ... . 404 



1010. Gallus bankiva, innominate of embryo . . . 405 



1011. Apteryx oweni, hind-limb of embryo .... 405 



1012. Gallus bankiva, egg at time of hatching . 408 



1013. ,, ,, blastoderm . . 409 



1014. ,, ,, two embryos .411 



1015. ,, ,, egg with embryo and embryonic appendages . 411 



1016. ,, ,, diagrams of development of embryonic mem- 



branes 413 



1016 6/.s. Diagram illustrating the Relationships of the chief groups of 



Birds . .417 



1017. Lepus cuniculus, skeleton with outline of body . . 418 



1018. ,, ,, vertebras . . 419 



1019. ,, ,, skull . . 42:5 



1020. ,, ,, shoulder-girdle with part of sternum . . 426 



1021. ,, ,, carpus with distal end of fore-arm . 427 



1022. ,, ,, sac-rum and innominates . . . 428 



