174 



ZOOLOGY 



SECT. 



" King of the Herrings " (Fig. 799, A) is found on the coasts of 

 Europe and Japan, the west coast of North America, and at the 

 Cape of Good Hope ; Callorhynchus (B) is tolerably abundant in 

 the South Temperate seas ; Harriotta is a deep-sea form. 



External Characters.- -The general form of the body is Shark- 

 like, but the large, compressed head and small mouth are strikingly 

 different from the depressed, shovel-shaped head and wide mouth 

 of most Selachians. The mouth is bounded by lip-like folds, two of 



to' 



FIG. 799. A, Chimaera mcmstrosa B, Callorhynchus antarcticus. a. d. anterior 

 clasper ; a. cl.' pouch for its reception; br. ap. branchial aperture; c. j. caudal fin; c. /.' its 

 whip-like prolongation; d. /. 1, d. /. S, dorsal fins;/;-, ct. frontal clasper ; ?./'., /./'/labial 

 folds ; I. ?. lateral line ; no. ap. nasal aperture ; op. operculum ; pet. /. pectoral fin ; i>tf>. 

 pterygopodia ; pc. /. pelvic fin ; t. teeth ; tc. tactile flap ; r. ^. ventral fin. (A, after Cuvier.) 



which (B, /./., /./.'), placed laterally and supported by labial carti- 

 lages, resemble the folds in which the premaxillaB and maxillas of 

 Bony Fishes are enclosed : a third fold, external to and concentric 

 with the mandible, is also supported by labial cartilages and has 

 the appearance of a second or external lower jaw. In Chimera 

 the snout is blunt, in Harriotta long and pointed ; in Callo- 

 rhynchus it is produced into a rostrum, from the end of which 

 depends a large cutaneous flap (B, tc) abundantly supplied with 

 nerves and evidently serving as an important tactile organ. 



