456 ZOOLOGY 



SECT. 



usually large, conical, curved, and pointed. The pre-molars and 

 molars are usually compressed and trenchant, especially the most 

 anterior. The stomach is simple ; the ccecum, when present, is 

 small. The brain is usually highly developed, and the cerebral 

 hemispheres always convoluted. The teats are abdominal. The 

 uterus is two-horned ; the placenta deciduate and nearly always 

 zonary. 



Sub-order a. Garnivora vera. 



Carnivora which have the limbs nearly always adapted for a 

 terrestrial existence, with all the digits usually provided with 

 claws which may be retractile into a sheath. The first digit of 

 the manus and the first and fifth of the pes are never longer than 

 the others. One tooth on each side in each jaw, the last pre- 

 molar in the upper jaw and the first molar in the lower, is always 

 modified to form the carnassial or sectorial tooth, with a cutting 

 edge which bites against the edge of the opposed tooth. 



This sub-order comprises the Cats (Felidce), Civets ( Viverridce), 

 Hyaenas (Hycenidce), Dogs (Canidcv), Bears (Ursidw), Weasels 

 (Mustelidce) and Otters (Lutridce). 



Sub-order &. Pinnipedia. 



Carnivora in which the limbs are adapted to an aquatic life, the 

 proximal segments being short, the distal elongated and webbed 

 between the digits, with five well-developed digits in each manus 

 and pes, the first and fifth of the pes being larger than the others. 

 The number of incisors is reduced, and there are no carnassials. 

 The cerebral hemispheres are very richly convoluted. 



This order includes the Eared Seals (Otariidce), the Earless 

 Seals (Phocidce) and Walruses (Trichechidce). 



Sub-order e. Oreodonta 



Extinct Carnivora with plantigrade limbs and without carnassial 

 teeth, with small brain cavities, and with the scaphoid and lunar 

 usually separate. 



The members of this group (which is confined to the Tertiary 

 period) have some striking points of resemblance to the Insecti- 

 vora, the Polyprotodont Marsupials and the extinct Condylarthra. 



ORDER 6. RODENTIA. 



Vegetable-feeding Eutheria, mostly of small size, with furry 

 (sometimes spiny) integument, clawed digits, and usually planti- 

 grade limbs. A clavicle is usually present. The dentition is 

 cliphyodpnt ; there are no canines, and there are never more than 

 two incisors in the lower jaw and usually only two in the upper, 



