NATURAL HISTORY. 7 



straight, when cut it stands erect, and the beard is thin. 

 Number 120,000,000. The Papuan race inhabits about 

 two-thirds of Papua, and the Fiji Islands, where Pickering 

 saw the only individuals of this race who came under his 

 notice. The complexion is dark, the hair bushy, the beard 

 copious. The most remarkable point in this race is the skin, 

 which is astonishingly rough and harsh. Number 3,000,000. 

 The Negrillo race is like the Papuan in colour, but the hair 

 is more woolly, the stature is small, and the beard absent. 

 The Negrillos inhabit part of Papua, Solomon's Isles, the 

 northern extremities of Luzon and Sumatra, and the New 

 Hebrides. Number 3,000,000. The Tclingan, or Indian 

 race, inhabits the eastern parts of India, especially about 

 Calcutta, several isolated spots in other parts of India, and 

 the east coast of Madagascar. The complexion is dark (best 

 imitated by a mixture of red and black), the skin is soft, ihu 

 features are like those of Europeans, hair straight and fine, 

 and the beard copious. Number 60,000,000. The Ethiopian. 

 race is darker than the Telingan, the hair is crisp and fine, 

 skin soft, and the features are more like European features 

 than those of the Negro. This race inhabits the north-eastern 

 portion of Africa, including Southern Egypt, part of Nubia, 

 and part of Abyssinia ; a few detached spots toward the 

 north-west, and a large tract of country by Senegambia. 

 Number 5,000,000. The Australian race inhabits Australia 

 alone. The complexion is like that of the Negro, but the 

 hair is not woolly like that of the Negro. Number 500,000. 

 The Negro race inhabits the central parts of Africa, from the 

 north of Ashanti to a little southward of Zanzibar. The 

 complexion is black, the lips are immensely thick, the nose is 

 flat, and the hair is close and curly, strongly resembling wool. 

 Number 55,000,000. The numbers given in this distribution 

 are of course in many cases only conjectural. 



In the distribution of races, it is most interesting to observe 

 the influence of climate and vegetation on the character of 

 man. The vast tract of desert extending from the north-west 

 of Africa, through Arabia, part of India and Tartary, as far 

 as Mongolia, is inhabited by nomadic, or wandering, tribes, 

 who depend principally on the milk of their domesticated 

 animals feu: subsistence. 



