APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XIX 315 



(}$. Beak hooked ; strong, sharp, hooked 



claws ...... Raptures 



d. Beak shorter than high ; thick, fleshy 



tongue Psittaci 



c%. Without cere. 



d]_. Beak long, often heavy ; tongue thin ; 

 stiff plumage with little down ; 

 metatarsus with half rings on 

 scutes; feet scansorial . . . Scansores 



dz. Metatarsus with no scales or rudi- 

 mentary ones ; feathered in upper 

 part Cypselomorphce 



ds- Metatarsus covered with lamina? or 

 scales, rarely feathered, usually 

 with singing apparatus ; feet not 

 scansorial, mostly migratory . Passcres 



a-2- Sternum without keel [Ratitas] .... Cursores 



KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF PASSERES OF NORTHERN UNITED 

 STATES, BASED OX D. S. JORDAN 



i. First of the 10 primaries more than f length of 



longest of the others [Clamatores] . . . Tyraimidce 



a*. First of 10 primaries short, rudimentary or ab- 

 sent ; musical apparatus highly developed 

 [Oscines]. 



b\. First primary short or spurious [primaries 10]. 

 d. Tarsus booted ; rictus with bristles. 



d\. Middle toe quite free from inner ; 

 birds of moderate size ; length 

 more than 15 centimetres. 

 e\. Wings when folded not reaching 



beyond middle of tail ; no blue Titrdidaz 



e-2- Wings reaching beyond middle 



of tail ; ours chiefly blue . Saxicolidcu 

 d- 2 . Middle and inner toe connected at 

 base ; length less than 13 cen- 

 timetres 



Cz- Tarsus scutellate in front. 



di. Nostrils concealed by bristly feathers. 



