THE SUPRARENAL SYSTEM 221 



chyle was prevented from flowing into the blood stream, Lowi's 

 characteristic mydriasis reaction after adrenalin instillation was 

 not obtainable. This seems to suggest a parallel between the 

 origin of pancreatic diabetes and that which follows ligature 

 of the lymphatic duct. Upon the assumption that chyle 

 contains the internal secretion of the pancreas, which 

 is necessary to the normal metabolism of sugar, we tested the 

 action of chyle in adrenalin glycosuria ; we found that the subcu- 

 taneous injection of 80 to 120 c.cm of chyle from dogs, markedly 

 reduced, and even completely neutralized, the glycosuric action of 

 adrenalin when exhibited simultaneously. Adrenalin glycosuria 

 in rabbits is promptly suppressed by the intravenous injection of 

 hirudin, and also, as I discovered later, of the extract of the 

 muscular structure of crabs; it is, therefore, amenable to sub- 

 stances which, according to Heidenhain, are included in the group 

 Lymphagoga, Order I. By following up our experiments, 

 Tomaczewski and Wilenko found that all the Lymphagoga pos- 

 sess the property of suppressing adrenalin glycosuria.* 



In the course of their investigations into the interactivities of 

 the internal secretory glands, Eppinger, Falta, and Rudinger 

 discovered that, in dogs without pancreas, in which the metabolic 

 derangement is at its height, the excretion of sugar and of nitrogen 

 are enormously increased by the subcutaneous or intraperitoneal 

 injection of adrenalin. The excretion of sugar becomes so much 

 increased that the proportion of the quotient D : N may rise to 

 over seven. It is the view of these authors that, in addition to an 

 excessive and perverted mobilization of the carbohydrates, 

 adrenalin produces inhibition of the pancreatic function. 

 The glycosuria which follows the exhibition of adrenalin results 

 from the operation of both momenta. Zuelzer's experiment, in 

 which he effected the inhibition of adrenalin glycosuria by means 

 of pancreatic extract, is explained by the supposition that, in 

 this instance, the excess of sugar set free by the adrenalin was 

 metabolized by the action of the reinforced pancreatic hormone. 



That adrenalin exercises an inhibitory influence upon the 

 activity of the pancreas, may be assumed from Bendicenti's obser- 

 vation that pancreatic secretion is inhibited by large doses of 

 adrenalin. By experimenting on dogs with pancreatic fistula, 

 Glassner and Pick proved that the pancreatic secretion completely 

 ceases after large closes of adrenalin, while, at the same time, a 

 marked glycosuria makes its appearance. 



Acting upon the assumption that the internal secretion of the 

 pancreas is governed by the autonomous vagal nerve, and that 



* According to Aronsohn, adrenalin glycosuria is inhibited both by fever 

 and by heat-puncture. According to Richter^ Ellinger and Selig, the heat 

 puncture does not affect the glycosuria, which seems to be reduced only 

 where there is simultaneous bacterial infection. After renal injury there is 

 no glycosuria. (Ellinger and Selig.) 



