THE SUPRARENAL SYSTEM 141 



organ is left intact. In such cases the animals live the same length 

 of time as after one-sided extirpation. 



Albanesi and Gourfein obtained similar results. The latter, 

 however, was unable to confirm the difference in the duration of 

 life in summer and winter frogs. 



Experiments with tritons showed that one-sided suprarenal 

 extirpation was borne without ill-effect, while the removal of both 

 organs invariably caused death at the end of a few days. When, 

 however, a portion of tissue the size of a pin's head was left 

 in situ, the animals lived from eighteen days to nine weeks. 



Abelous and Langlois obtained similar results from their 

 experiments with guinea-pigs, and Langlois with experiments 

 upon rabbits. Removal of one suprarenal was attended by 

 transient emaciation only ; removal of both was followed within 

 quite a short time, nine to twelve hours, by death. The animals 

 lived for a few hours longer if an interval of one to tw r o weeks was 

 allowed to elapse between the removal of the glands. Donetti 

 found that guinea-pigs lived from fifteen to forty-eight hours. 



Somewhat later (1897) Langlois published the results of a 

 large number of experiments with dogs. He found that, after 

 total extirpation, the maximal length of life was forty to fifty- 

 two hours ; where an interval was allowed to elapse between the 

 removal of the glands, the average length of life was twenty-eight 

 hours, and still shorter where both glands were removed at once. 

 There is some diversity of opinion as to the length of life in dogs 

 after total suprarenal extirpation. De Domenicis (1893) gives it as 

 two to four hours; Szymonowicz (1896) gives an average of fifteen 

 hours; Thirololois (1893) gives twenty-five to forty hours; Kuclin- 

 zew (1897) gives eighteen to twenty-four hours. Soddu (1899) 

 and, more recently, Mariani (1906) describe experiments on dogs 

 where the animals lived one to two days. 



From the results of their experiments with dogs, Pal (1894) 

 and Santi Rindome Lo Re (1895) disputed the essential character 

 of the suprarenal function in the life of the organism. Pal found 

 that of eight dogs from which the suprarenals had both been re- 

 moved, three lived for two to three days; two lived for six days; 

 and one lived for four months and eight days. He was unable to 

 discover in this animal either remnants of suprarenal tissue or, at 

 least within the area of operation, accessory suprarenal bodies. 



One of Santi Rindone's dogs lived for thirty-six days after 

 total extirpation. 



Numerous reliable extirpation experiments upon dogs, cats, 

 and rabbits are described by E. O. Hultgren and O. A. Andersson 

 (i8g8). 



They found that extirpation of one suprarenal together with 

 partial destruction of the other, was followed by a passing 

 emaciation, but that the animals did not die. The removal of 

 both suprarenals at the same time was followed, in cats, by death 



