220 INTERNAL SECRETION 



thus hyperglycagmia becomes impossible. Adrenalin, on the 

 other hand, affects the peripheral sympathetic nerve-terminals in 

 the liver in exactly the same way as it does those of other organs, 

 and for this reason, the glycosuria is uninfluenced by the resection 

 of the communicating nerve. 



Observation of experimental adrenalin-glycosuria has revealed 

 the intimate relationship which subsists between the action of 

 adrenalin and the internal secretory activity of the pancreas. That 

 adrenalin-glycosuria is in some way related to pancreatic diabetes 

 is evident from the results obtained by Herter and Wakeman. 

 These authors discovered that, if the pancreas is painted with 

 adrenalin, the resultant glycosuria is more intense than that which 

 follows the application of adrenalin to other organs. Vosbourgh 

 and Richards obtained marked hyperglycasmia by the same means. 

 Herter and Wakeman assume that, whatever the site at which 

 adrenalin is applied, its glycosuric action reaches the pancreas 

 and reduces the capacity of that organ for the oxidation of sugar. 

 If this view is correct, adrenalin should not produce an increase 

 in the glycosuria present in animals which have lost their pan- 

 creas ; and results obtained by Lepine, as well as by Bierry and 

 Gatin-Gruzewska, seem to point in this direction. Velich, on the 

 other hand, found that though extirpation of the pancreas is not 

 followed by glycosuria in well-nourished frogs until after several 

 days have elapsed, it may be brought on immediately after 

 operation by means of adrenalin. Noel Paton produced glycosuria 

 by this means in geese and ducks after the removal of the 

 pancreas ; while Doyon, Morel, and Koreff found that the injection 

 of adrenalin was followed by an increase in the sugar contents of 

 the blood of dogs which had lost their pancreas. 



It is very evident from the results of these experiments that 

 the theory that adrenalin glycosuria is a form of pancreatic 

 diabetes, is insufficiently grounded. 



Zuelzer adopted a different theory. He found that, in dogs 

 without pancreas, if adrenalin was prevented from entering the 

 blood stream by ligature of the suprarenal veins, the glycosuria 

 was minimal. He succeeded in preventing glycosuria in rabbits 

 by injecting them with pancreatic extract, and he concluded that 

 Minkowski's " pancreatic diabetes ' is in reality a positive 

 ' adrenalin diabetes." 



In experiments which I undertook with Offer, we succeeded 

 in producing both inhibition of the adrenalin glycosuria and 

 inhibition of the adrenalin mydriasis of frogs' eyes, with chyle 

 from the thoracic duct. 



These experiments were based upon some observations (to be 

 described later) which I carried out in 1898, and which showed 

 that chyle contains a substance which influences the amount of 

 the sugar consumption of the organism. I found that, in the 

 case of dogs which had become diabetic owing to the fact that the 



