LIST OF WOODCUTS. 
COCOEIRO PALM ....... FRONTISPIECE 
A species of Attalea common in the Serra d'Estrella. It bears two or 
three large bunches of olive-like berries, hanging immediately below the 
crown of leaves. The upper part of the stem is often overgrown with 
parasites, as in the specimen represented here. 
From a photograph by G. Leuzinger. 
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TREE ENTWINED BY SIPOS 54 
There are a great many parasites, the stem and roots of which are attached 
to larger trees; this woodcut represents one of those strange "tree-killers," 
as they are called by the natives, belonging to the family of the Fig-trees, 
which, beginning their growth among the upper branches of trees, gradu- 
ally descend to the ground, throw out branches around the stem they 
attack, and in the end kill it in their embrace. On the right are Lianas, 
from which hang parasitic flowers. 
From a photograph by G. Leuzinger. 
SIDE VIEW OF THE ALLEY OF PALMS 60 
Part of the Botanical Garden in Rio de Janeiro. In the foreground a 
Pandanus covered with fruits. The Palms standing in pairs in the great 
alley are commonly called Palma Real. Their botanical name is Oreo- 
doxa oleracea. The peak of Corcovado forms the background. 
From a photograph by Messrs. Stahl & Wahnschaffe. 
VISTA DOWN THE ALLEY OF PALMS 61 
The objects are the same as in the preceding woodcut, only seen at right 
angles, to afford a view down the alley. 
From a photograph by Messrs. Stahl & Wahnschaffe. 
BOTAFOGO BAY 81 
The great southeastern bay in the harbor of Rio de Janeiro. The highest 
peak in the centre is the Corcovado, at the foot of which stand the Insane 
Asylum and the Military School. On the left are the Gavia and the Sugar- 
Loaf ; on the right, Tijuca. A beach runs all round the bay. 
From a photograph by G. Leuzinger. 
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