MANAOS AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 297 
me of the highest significance that this fact is equally 
true of any two individuals of different sexes, belonging 
to different human races. The child born of negro and 
white parents is neither black nor white, but a mulatto ; 
the child born of white and Indian parents is neither 
white nor Indian, but a mameluco ; the child born of 
negro and Indian parents is neither a negro nor an In- 
dian, but a cafuzo ; and the cafuzo, mameluco, and mulatto 
share the peculiarities of both parents, just as the mule 
shares the characteristics of the horse and ass. With 
reference to their offspring, the races of men stand, then, 
to one another in the same relation as different species 
among animals ; and the word races, in its present signi- 
ficance, needs only to be retained till the number of human 
species is definitely ascertained and their true characteristics 
fully understood. I am satisfied that, unless it can be shown 
that the differences between the Indian, negro, and white 
races are unstable and transient, it is not in keeping with 
the facts to affirm a community of origin for all the va- 
rieties of the human family, nor in keeping with scientific 
principles to make a difference between human races and 
animal species in a systematic point of view. In these 
various forms of humanity there is as much system as in 
anything else in nature, and by overlooking the thoughtful 
combinations expressed in them we place ourselves at once 
outside of the focus from which the whole may be correctly 
seen. In consequence of their constancy, these differences 
are so many limitations to prevent a complete melting of 
normal types into each other and consequent loss of their 
primitive features. That these different types are geneti- 
cally foreign to one another, and do not run together by 
imperceptible, intermediate degrees, appears plain when 
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