XV111 GLOSSARY OF ARCTIC TERMS. 



Old fee, that of previous seasons. 



Pack is that collection of broken floe which, huddled together under 

 pressure, is constantly varying in its position ; it cannot be dealt 

 with nor can it be travelled over until cemented together by freez- 

 ing ; it has no limit, it may cover a mile or hundreds of miles, as 

 in Baffin's Bay. Simply it is any loose ice packed into a space 

 before vacant. 



Pancake Ice, that which results from snow falling into the sea with- 

 out thawing, and by the action of the waves driven into pancake 

 forms, which offer no solid obstruction, but nevertheless hamper 

 a vessel more than small ice. 



Reeving, following up various labyrinthine or angular channels until 

 the vessel reaches open water; as, "reeve the pack." 



Run, when the ice is suddenly impelled by an unaccountable, fitful, 

 rushing motion. 



Sailing, loose ice relieved from pressure, which admits of picking a 

 way through the weakest parts. 



Sliearinij, or Lappiiig : this applies more peculiarly to young or thin 

 ice with boats, one plate overlapping another where a boat has 

 made an extensive crack. Where boats have teen thus destroyed 

 the crews have rarely escaped, the ice being too weak to bear, and 

 the plates overlapping those attempting to swim. 



Shelf, or Tongue frequently, on the meeting of adverse floes, a smaller 

 interposing floe-piece is forced under, and, cohering or freezing to 

 that above, presents, below water, a tongue or shelf, which annoys 

 the keel of a vessel, or, breaking off, comes up as a "calf" with 

 great violence. 



Sludge, comminuted ice. 



Smoke, or Vapour, a peculiar kind of vapour, the natural result of 

 the conversion of water into ice, which is constantly supposed to 

 indicate lakes or open water in an unfrozen state. 



FFater Sky : this evidently is connected with smoke or vapour, and is 

 the reflected colour of the blue sea in the atmosphere or vapour 

 arising from the wanner sea ; it generally exhibits a dark, dull, 

 neutral tint, which is never seen to the eye, at least of an intelli- 

 gent ice-master, unless ictttcr be under it. This is peculiarly the 

 case in Melville Bay. 



id/i in/ fcf, that immediately formed, or of the present season. 



