XV 



(GLOSSARY OF ARCTIC TERMS. 



r, Ice, i\ round bar of iron twice bent like a pot-hook : the end 

 to which thf rope is bent is cut short off and bent suddenly back : 

 l lie other is tapered after the bend, which is at an angle of 60 to 

 the body or shank. A hole being- cut in the ice by an axe fashioned 

 for this purpose, similar to half a pickaxe, this hook serves to se- 

 cure the vessel to the in-. 

 .l.re. Ice, as above described. 



Barber is properly the condensation of vapour rising from ice, the re- 

 sult of freezing ; also breath condensed. 



Bay Ice, that which freezes continuously on the surface, and derives its 

 name probably from its forming more rapidly in bays, or spots 

 sheltered from the breeze. 



Beset, the approach of floating ice on all sides, leaving no opening for 

 advance or retreat, and leaving the vessel unmanageable. 



Bight, any hollow, bay of ice, land, etc. 



Berg. See Iceberg. 



Blasting: this operation is generally performed by cutting a hole 

 through the ice of sufficient bore to admit of a canister of six 

 inches diameter, containing powder, being passed through; a 

 flexible fuse of sufficient length to burn three minutes being 

 lighted, affords time to permit the men to recede from danger. 



Bore .- to bore through the pack ; the forcing a vessel through loose, 

 movable pack under canvas or steam, with the chances of taking 

 advantage of cracks or openings. 



Brash, comminuted ice. 



Buckle, bending or arching of the ice upwards, preceding a nip. 



