368 LEON AUGUSTUS HAUSMAN. 



larger clam worms. Many individuals are doubtless swept away 

 by the assaults of sand and debris-laden waves in times of storm, 

 and by the grating of ice cakes against the rocks during the 

 winter. Frequently a tidal pool is drained by an excessively low 

 ebb tide, and the anemones left exposed for an hour or so to the 

 rays of a direct siln. This, coupled with a vigorous dry wind 

 will often accomplish the destruction of some individuals, 

 though they were able to withstand even such adverse conditions 

 to a surprising degree, as experiments showed. 



It seems remarkable that so soft and relatively defenseless a 

 creature should have so greatly increased its numbers and 

 extended its range in our waters. Its success in meeting the 

 unusually numerous vicissitudes of a littoral existence may per- 

 haps be attributed to the following: (i) in ability to withstand 

 considerable differences in temperature, (2) its ability to with- 

 stand buffeting by the waves because of the yielding and resilient 

 character of its body, (3) its ability to contract tightly, and to 

 survive through a period of foul water, or of dry conditions 

 exposed to the sun and wind, (4) its apparent disregard of 

 differences in the salinity of the water, (5) its protective color- 

 ation, (6) its defensive acontia, (7) its rapid rate of reproduction 

 and growth to maturity, (8) its several methods of reproduction, 



(9) its ability to withstand annihilation through laceration, and 



(10) its ability to regenerate lost parts. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



1. Davenport, A. G. 



'03 Variation in the Number of Stripes of the Sea Anemone (Sagartia 

 lnci(z}. Mark Anniv. Volume, p. 137. 



2. Carlgren, O. 



'93 Studien iiber Nordische Actinien. Kongl. Svenska Vet. Akad. Hdlgr. 

 N. F., Bd. 25, No. io, p. i. 



3. Dixon, F. 



'88 On the Arrangement of the Mesenteries in the genus Sagartia Gosse. 

 Sci. Pro. Roy. Dublin Soc., n. s., Vol. 6, p. 136. 



4. Dixon, G. Y. and A. F. 



'91 Report on the Marine Invertebrate Fauna Near D.ublin. Proi Roy. 

 Irish Acad., S. 3, Vol. 2, p. 19. 



5. Gosse, P. H. 



'60 Actinologia Britannica, Lond. 8mo, pp. xl + 362, Pis. 12. 



6. Lang, A. 



'86 Gastroblasta Raffaelei. Jena. Zeit. fiir Naturwiss., Bd. 19, S. 20. 



