WVMAX REED GREEN. 



ne female within two hours. I saw no spennato/oa lost 

 -e instances as I have in several cases observed later, and 

 I have no doubt that the one normal ephippial egg which I 

 found later was the result of this pairing. 



( )f the 10 without males, one died early, 5 developed ephippia, 

 and 4 became asexual at once. The 5 sexual females developed 

 in all 16 ephippia, which is more, and more per individual, than 

 was produced by those kept with males. Males appeared in 

 some of the broods of the asexual females, but most of the 

 ephippia were produced before they appeared, and there was 

 only one fertilized egg. The sexual females all became asexual 

 before death. 



The 35 females of the sixth brood of this same female number 

 38, were also saved. The one male of the brood died at the 

 age of four days. Of the 16 ephippia produced by the members 

 of this brood one contained an egg. Since the egg did not 

 degenerate it must have been fertilized. Thus we have proof 

 of the early functioning of the males. They are shorter lived 

 than the females, or at least that has been the case with indi- 

 viduals isolated. It will be noted that this brood contained three 

 kinds of individuals, namely asexual females, sexual females, 

 and a male. My records contain numerous instances of this 

 kind. 



All of the females of broods 4, 5, 8 and 1 1 of female number 41 

 of isolation experiment 3, were placed with males and a complete 

 record kept of the results. The fourth brood consisted ot 7 

 males and 7 females, all sexual. In all 17 ephippia were cast 

 by these 7 females. Two of them then died and the remainder 

 became asexual. In spite of the presence ol the males 15 out 

 of these 17 ephippia contained no egg. The fifth brood consisted 

 of 5 males and two sexual females. These were reared together. 

 Each female produced a fertilized egg and one of them an empty 

 ephippium afterward, this one then dying. The other became 

 asexual though the males were continually present. The eighth 

 brood consisted of 20 females. A number of males were placed 

 with these. Five of the females died early, and none ol the 

 ; developed even an incipient ephippium. Tin- eleventh 

 l>rood consisted of 3 females, 2 being sexual and I asexual. The 



