74 BREWERY OF BEER. [December, 



stances the in-shore pressure was visible by the arching 

 or buckling of the ice, which I have endeavoured to ex- 

 hibit in one of the Plates, as well as at page 149, Vol. I. 

 The curvature, in a span of eighteen feet of the in-shore 

 ice, was three feet ; in twelve outside, two ; but nine 

 cracks altogether between the ship and the beach. 



The angular edges of the gravel terraces, numbering 

 twelve from the beach-line to our nearest rise or first 

 plateau, were completely denuded of snow, and exhibited 

 the formation due to about one hundred feet vertical ele- 

 vation very prettily. 



Our Allsopp's ale being expended, we commenced our 

 ship brewery last week, as well as the cultivation of mus- 

 tard and cress, the results of which will be found tabu- 

 lated in the Appendix. 



December 5. Our experiments on the freezing of the 

 floe seem to preserve a very regular progress, not exceed- 

 ing half an inch per diein ; indeed, considering that the 

 floe has now attained a thickness of three feet, I cannot 

 imagine that any further decrease of temperature above 

 the floe-surface will materially affect this apparent fixed 

 scale. The increase at present must depend on the tem- 

 perature of the sea beneath, which during winter we 

 have found to maintain nearly the freezing temperature. 

 Last year I noticed that water taken at six fathoms be- 

 low the surface, and suddenly brought into my cabin in 

 the bottle by which it was procured, exhibited a float- 

 ing white surface of two inches, which, on close exami- 

 nation, was found to be composed of fine detached stel- 

 lar crystals. I further noticed that the main body of 

 the fluid was also fully charged with these crystals, and 



