STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF EMBIA TEXANA. IOI 



stage is attained. The body is but little larger than the full- 

 grown larva, still of a pale reddish color, and marked with the 

 same designs of irregular pigmentation. The antennal joints 

 have the same magnitude and the cerci are two-jointed. Like 

 the larva and adult female the abdomen is carried with the end 

 bent down. The conspicuous change undergone at this moult is 

 the acquirement of wing-pads. These are outgrowths from the 

 anterior and lateral angles of the meso- and metathorax, which 

 are folded over the dorsula, meeting in the median line, and 

 attached by the basal part of their inner margin to the thorax, as 

 in all true Orthoptera, and not as the misleading figure by 

 McLachlan ! would indicate. This stage has been observed in 

 insularis, Michacli and UJiricJii. Nymphs of mauritanica also 

 have been found by Mr. Nathan Banks on date-palms imported 

 from Algeria to Washington, D. C. The nymph-stage is of 

 short duration, lasting probably not more than a week. Towards 

 the end of that time the outer cuticle begins to separate. The 

 single-jointed left cercus can be seen through the loosened chitin, 

 extending into the second joint and reminding one of the figures 

 of the Forficulid Dyscritina. 2 



With the last moult the habitus of the insect changes sur- 

 prisingly. Full pigmentation and chitinization soon set in and 

 the body becomes jet black with a bronzed tinge. Instead of the 

 cylindrical form of the larva, the abdomen becomes depressed, 

 and is now carried with the tip curved high over the back, alto- 

 gether different from its former behavior. The front legs become 

 inactive, and except during excitement, are never used for loco- 

 motion, being held helplessly in front of the body. The spin- 

 ning glands of the front metatarsi do not cease to be functional, 

 for the males were observed to spin, though always in a reluc- 

 tant manner. The antennal joints lengthen, giving to these 

 organs an increase of one half their former extent. The wings 

 now become large, exceeding the tip of the abdomen, and also 

 acquire their full pigmentation and villosity. When not in use 

 they are carried flat over the back. As has been noticed for the 

 other species the wings are attached firmly to the thorax and are 



l jonr. Lin. Soc. London, XIII., PI. Fig. 2. 



2 See Green and Burr, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1898, PI. XVIII. 



