322 ADELE M. FIELDE. 



times snuggled one another. The ant's sense of smell appears 

 to be perfectly acquired, and its standards of correct ant- 

 odor to be established during the first three days after hatching. 

 Any two species or any number of species that I captured for 

 use in these experiments, became accustomed to each other's 

 odor, and therefore friendly, if the early association was close 

 and continuous. This association is more perfect when no inert 

 young distracts the attention of the callows from one another, 

 and when the arrangement of the nest offers no place of seclusion 

 for any of its inmates. Air, humidity and nourishment were pro- 

 vided as in large nests of the Fielde pattern. When the ants 

 had been thus segregated for five days or more, the inmates of 

 several like nests were transferred to a more spacious habitation, 

 and newly hatched ants from the same colonies could be safely 

 added thereafter ; but no ant of other lineage nor of greater age 

 was amicably received in any of the mixed nests. 



Each of the groups mentioned in the following list existed 

 under my care for a month or more after the cessation of addi- 

 tions of newly hatched ants to their mixed nest. 



MYRMICINE ANTS. 



Group i. Six queens of Creniastogaster lineolata with eighty 

 workers of Stenamma fiihnui. The workers snuggled the 

 queens as closely as if of the same species as themselves. In 

 each of two watch-glass nests, the sole queen died on the third 

 day after hatching. Newly-hatched queens of the same Cremas- 

 togaster stock were accepted by the bereaved workers, 1 in the 



1 After these ants in group I had been established for two days in a Fielde nest, a 

 raid was made upon them by adult workers, of the queens' stock, that had escaped 

 from the hatchery-nest, and hidden in a crevice in the laboratory. Very early one 

 morning, I discovered that these adult Cremastoeaster workers had entered the nest 



D ' O 



in considerable numbers through a rift in the towelling. Some of them were cluster- 

 ing around the young queens, while others were busily employed in dragging the Ste- 

 namma callows out of the nest. My arrival thwarted an apparent design of the 

 Cremastogasters to eject the Stenamma! and dwell in an unmixed nest with queens 

 of their own. 



This first group is noteworthy, because Stenamma fulvum and Creniastogaster 

 lineolata will each feed their larvae upon the eggs, larvse and pupae of the other. 

 In one of my artificial nests the Stenammas lately took care, with their own young, of 

 a great number of Creniastogaster larvae and pupae, during two months ; but every 

 Creniastogaster that hatched was instantly killed and cast upon the rubbish-heap. 



