328 ADELE M. FIELDE. 



stantly with no sign of cognizance of their long separation. They 

 had added years simultaneously and there was no difference of 

 odor to occasion distrust among them. 



I then introduced into the nest of the two united groups several 

 very young ants taken that day from the wild nest. These cal- 

 lows were kindly received because the old ants all recognized an 

 ant-odor with which they had formerly been acquainted, and this 

 recognition was instant notwithstanding the fact that they had 

 met no callows during two years. It is probable that an ant 

 remembers during its lifetime any odor with which it has once 

 been acquainted. 



I then brought queens and workers from the same wild nest, 

 housed them with their inert young in one of my artificial nests 

 and left them to establish their nest-odor. A few days later I 

 introduced into their nest marked queens and workers from the 

 groups segregated two years previously. The marked queens 

 were instantly accepted by the queens and workers in the latest 

 nest. The marked workers were amicably received by all the 

 queens, and by most of the workers in the latest nest, while a 

 few nabbed them or dragged them away from the pupae-pile. 

 They were not killed but were denied by these few, the crown- 

 ing mark of ant-esteem, permission to share in the care of the 

 young. It thus appeared that ants as old as were these seques- 

 tered workers were not common in the summer of 1903 in the 

 wild nest of the C colony, while queens two years old were known 

 to all the ants taken from the wild nest. 



Difference of food, drink and environment during two years 

 had not caused a difference of ant-odor between the segregated 

 ants and their ancient comrades. 



T/ie progeny of queens of unlike age but of the same community 

 are unlike in odor. 



Four queens of the C colony, captured by me before their 

 swarming and while they were still winged, on August 22, 1901, 

 were segregated with kings of their own colony in one of my 

 nests which I here refer to as Section A. Two queens of the 

 same colony hatched on August 5, 1902, from pupae taken from 

 the wild nest two days earlier. They mated with kings of their 

 own colony on August 22, 1902, and were later on segregated 



