170 HARRIS HAWTHORNE WILDER. 



portions so taken that recognizable features of the usual tread 

 area are included, to allow definite orientation. 



From the few sole prints given here there are certain deductions 

 and surmises concerning these possible hypothenar elements, 

 that are at once apparent, and may be here mentioned, rather as 

 suggestions to stimulate comparison than as definite assertions. 



1. All the elements here considered are loops, and, with the 

 exception of one of the loops of Fig. 20, all open toward the medial, 

 or tibial, margin of the sole. It is thus difficult to explain them 

 as the two disassociated ends of a long S-shaped figure. 



2. In the case of Fig. 16, with two large loops facing the same 

 way, the more distal is probably the loop commonly found on the 

 outer margin, near the ball of the foot, while the other is readily 

 comparable with the large loop in the hollow of the foot, as given 

 in the cases of Schlaginhaufen and Mme. Loth (Figs. 18 and 19). 

 If, however, we compare Fig. 16 with Fig. 17, we see this same 

 proximal loop gradually reduced to a small but evident figure, 

 on the way towards extinction. This gives us a series, Figs. 19, 

 18, 16 and 17, in which a loop begins with occupying almost the 

 entire sole, and ends as a rudiment. One recalls here Schlagin- 

 haufen's interesting series, in part theoretical, in which he derives 

 such a case as that of Mme. Loth, from a moderate-sized loop, 

 found in lower Primates, which crosses the heel region obliquely, 

 and opens to the medial side (Schlaginhaufen, loc. cit., p. 121). 



3. Concerning the calcar pattern, about which so little is 

 known, a pattern which has been observed here and there, but 

 has as yet no morphological interpretation, I made recently more 

 careful studies upon No. 87 of my collection, a subject who has a 

 good calcar pattern upon each heel. The result of this, in the 

 case of the right foot, where there is also a good thenar pattern, 

 is given in Fig. 21 above. In the figure the whole record of 

 the friction-skin of the foot is spread out as reduced to a plane, 

 and the tread area is indicated by lines. Unfortunately there 

 are no indications of the loops here considered hypothenar, so 

 tha,t a comparison of either thenar or calcar with these is not 

 possible; on the other hand there is revealed a possible association of 

 calcar with thenar, suggesting that the two form the two loops of an 

 S-shaped pattern. This close association of thenar and calcar 

 patterns is not new, being shown by Miss Whipple in two speci- 



