4O HENRY H. LANE. 



Among the most important ones are the following, most of which 

 I have consulted in connection with my own investigation : 



Cuvierand Valenciennes, in their " Histoire Naturelle des Pois- 

 sons," I., Paris, 1828, have a short general account of viviparity 

 in. fishes, and mention is made of it frequently throughout their 

 work in the description of such fishes as bring forth living young. 

 Much of their work has been superseded by the more accurate 

 observations of later investigators. 



Rathke, in 1833, published his " Bildungs- und Entwickel- 

 ungsgeschichte des Blennius viviparus odes des Schleimfisches." 

 This was long the best paper on the subject. 



In 1844 (Ann. des Sc. Nat., t. I., 3d series, p. 313) Duvernoy 

 published a paper on Pcecilia snrinamensis, which is frequently 

 referred to by more recent writers, but which I have not had the 

 opportunity of consulting. 



Tn 1846, Cuvier and Valenciennes described the genus Ana- 

 blcps, one species of which, A. gronovii, formed the subject matter 

 of an important paper by Jeffries Wyman, in the Boston Journal 

 of Natural History, Vol. VI., No. IV., p. 432, 1857. I shall 

 refer to this article more at length below. 



In 1853, Louis Agassiz (Am. Jour, of Science, XVI., 2d series, 

 Nov., 1853) described a new family of fishes from California 

 the Embiotocidas, which embraces the genus Cymatogaster. The 

 only species of this genus, C. aggregates, was studied in detail 

 by Dr. Eigenmann, and the results published in the Bulletin of 

 the U. S. Fish Commission, Vol. 12, p. 401, 1892 (1894). 



Another very important paper, " On the Development of Vi- 

 viparous Osseous Fishes and the Atlantic Salmon," by John A. 

 Ryder (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, pp. 128-162, Pis. VI.-XII.) 

 will be noticed frequently below. 



In 1887, Dr. Franz Stuhlmann made a detailed study of 

 Zoarccs viviparus, Cuv., the results of which he published under 

 the title, " Zur Kenntnis des Ovariums der Aalmutter (Zoarces 

 vivipariis, Cuv.)." Frequent references to this volume will be 

 made below. 



IV. VIVIPARITY IN GENERAL. 



Cuvier and Valenciennes (loc. cit.} give a general account of 

 viviparity in fishes so far as known at that time ; but since their 



