252 \V. M. WHEELER. 



red adult coloration. There can, of course, be no true nuptial 

 flight, since the females are wingless. Most conclusive evidence 

 in regard of the nature of these females has been furnished by my 

 former pupil, Miss Margaret Holliday, 1 who found them to 

 possess not only well-developed ovaries but a typical receptac- 

 ulum seminis. It is interesting to note that the slight morpho- 

 logical differences separating these females from the workers are 

 still further diminished by Miss Holliday's discovery that the 

 latter have as many ovarian tubules as the former and may oc- 

 casionally possess a receptaculum. 



That the numerous tropical species of Leptogenys agree with 

 the Texan species in having very ergatoid females, is indicated, 

 first by the fact that no winged Leptogenys females have been 

 seen, though many species of the genus have been known for 

 years, and secondly by Wroughton's observations on the Indian 

 Leptogenys diminnta Smith, recorded by Forel : ~ "At my re- 

 quest Mr. Wroughton has excavated an enormous formicary of 

 L. diuiinuta to a considerable depth, but has looked in vain for a 

 female among the many thousands of workers. All he could 

 find was a worker whose abdomen was conspicuously distended 

 with the ovaries. This worker differed in absolutely no particular 

 from the others, and there is nothing very extraordinary even 

 about its abdomen. This result would seem to confirm Emery's 

 opinion." 3 



In my paper on the Texan Ponerinae I failed to furnish con- 

 clusive proof of the identity of the males of L. clongata, as up 

 to that time I had not taken this sex in the formicaries. More 

 recently I have repeatedly seen the males in the natural nests and 

 have bred them from larvae and cocoons in captivity. They are 

 of a rich yellow color, retaining throughout life the tint exhibited 

 by the workers and females only during their callow stages. Even 

 when quite mature the males are seized by the workers, when- 



1 ' A Study of Some Ergatogynic Ants," Zool. Jahrb. Abth.f. Syst., I5d. XIX., 

 Heft 4, 1903, pp. 295-297. 



2 " Les Formicidcs de 1'Empire des Indes et de Ceylan," Part VII., Journ. l!<>i- 

 bay Nat. Hist. Soc., Vol. XIII., p. 312. 



3 Emery advanced the opinion that in the genus Leptogenys the function of the 

 females may have been usurped by the workers. This is not strictly true, at least in 

 L. elongata, since the petiole of the female is clearly different from that of the worker, 

 as it is in the winged females of many other species of Ponerinse. 



