262 W. S. MARSHALL. 



2. Six in line. 8:45, leader removed, others soon bunched ; 

 8:5 I, leader returned ; 8:57, old leader started ; others following. 



3. 8:47, leader removed; 8:50, all bunched; 8:51, leader re- 

 turned ; he passed to back of bunch and started away, others 

 following; 8:43, all in line. 



4. Ten in line. 8:31, leader removed and all bunched one 

 inch back of line ; 8:36, leader returned ; 8:55, leader starts and 

 others follow. 



5. 8:57, leader removed and put back at once, seventh in the 

 line ; all bunched ; 4:06, P. M., leader started, others following. 



6. 8:16, leader removed; 8:26, leader returned; 8:31, leader 

 started, others following. 



7. 8:21, leader removed; a caterpillar, the next in line, goes 

 on half an inch and here they all bunch ; 8:30, leader returned ; 

 8:42, leader starts and others follow. 



8. 2:32, leader removed ; 2:47, leader returned to bunch ; 

 3:55, leader started, others following. 



9. One hundred and fifty in line. 10:22, leader removed ; 

 10:40, bunched and leader returned; 11:25, leader started and 

 others followed. 



The following are experiments where a new leader started : 



1. Forty in line. Leader removed ; 9:10, bunched; 9:11, a 

 caterpillar at back of bunch starts and others follow. 



2. Twenty-one in line. 9:01, leader removed ; 9:08, bunched ; 

 9:10, one near front starts; 9:21, all in line following new 

 leader. 



3. Eighteen in line. 8:50, leader removed ; in a minute the 

 next caterpillar turned and started; 8:55, all in line and follow- 

 ing new leader. 



4. Thirty-six in line. 8:42, leader removed and the next cat- 

 erpillar assumes leadership ; 8:47, new leader removed and orig- 

 inal one put back in middle of line ; all bunch ; and at 4:08, 

 P. M., were still quiet. 



5. Eighteen in line. 8:30, leader removed; 8:37, bunched; 

 one went a short distance over the line but returned ; leader re- 

 turned ; 8:46, new leader started and others follow. 



6. Eleven in line. 8:38, leader removed; 8:41, next cater- 

 pillar returned along the line two inches and then came back ; 

 others bunched ; 8:45, start with new leader. 



