INDEX AND GLOSSARY. 



243 



Ctenoids, fishes which have the 



edge of the scales toothed, 20. 

 Ctenophori, soft, radiated animals, 



moving by cilia, 23. 

 Cutis, 128. 

 Cuttle-fish, jaws of, 102 ; heart of, 



117; metamorphosis of, 180; 



mode of swimming, 95. 

 Cyathocrinus ornatissimus, 224. 

 Cyathophyllum quadrigeminum, 



224. 

 Cycloids, fishes with smooth scales, 



21. 



Deciduous, not permanent during a 



lifetime, 199. 

 Deglutition, the act of swallowing, 



108. 

 Dentition, form and arrangement 



of the teeth. 

 Department, a primary division of 



the animal kingdom, 18. 

 Development of the white-fish, 



145. 



Devonian rocks, 218. 

 Diaphragm, the partition between 



the chest and abdomen, 74, 119. 

 Diastole, the dilatation of the heart, 



115. 



Digestion, 97. 



Diploctenium cordatum, 233. 

 Dipterus, 226. 

 Discophori, disk-shaped animals, 



like the jelly-fish, 23. 

 Disk, a more or less circular, flat- 

 tened body, 14. 

 Distoma, reproduction of, 161 ; in 



the eye of the perch, 171. 

 Distribution of animals, laws of, 



186 ; in space, 186 ; in time, 214. 

 Dodo, its disappearanee, 210. 

 Dorsal cord, 143. 

 Dorsal vessel, 114. 

 Dorsibranchiates, mollusks having 



gills upon the back, 21. 

 Drift, 219, 236. 

 Drinking, 109. 



Duck-barnacle. See Anatifa. 

 Dysaster, 232. 



Ear, 55. 



Echinoderms, radiate animals arm- 

 ed with spines externally, like 

 the sea-urchin, 23. 



Echinus, the sea-urchin, 23 ; jaws 

 of, 102; heart of, 117; mode of 

 progression, 81. 



Echinus sanguinolentus, metamoi- 

 phosis of, 178. 



Egg, 131 ; form of, 133 ; formation 

 of, 133; ovarian, 133; laying of, 

 135 ; composition of, 137 ; devel- 

 opment of, 139 ; of Infusoria, 172. 



Elementary structure of organized 

 bodies, 36. 



Embryo, the young animal before 

 birth, 33, 132 ; development of, 

 139. 



Embryology, 131, 139 ; importance 

 of, 153. 



Endosmose, 127. See Exosmose. 



Engeena, a large orang, 206. 



Entomostraca, 21. 



Eocene formation, 218. 



Ephyra, 164, 169. 



Epidermis, the scarf-skin, 129. 



Epithelium-cells, 126. 



Equivocal reproduction, 158. 



Erratics, rolling stones, 236. 



Euomphalus hemisphericus, 224. 



Eurypterus remipes, 225. 



Eustachian tube, 57. 



Excretions, 127. 



Exhalation, 128. 



Exosmose and Endosmose, the pro- 

 cess by which two fluids pass 

 each way through a membrane 

 which separates them, so as to 

 become mingled, 127. 



Eye, 48; simple, 51; aggregate, 

 53 ; compound, 54 ; destitution 

 of, 55 ; compared to a camera 

 obscura, 51. 



Fa9ette, a very small surface, 54. 



Family, a group including several 

 genera, 18. 



Fauna, 186 ; distribution of, 194. 



Femur, the thigh bone, 87. 



Fibula, the smallest of the two 

 bones of the leg, 87- 



Fins, 93. 



Fishes, number of, 27; heart of, 

 116 ; reign of, 222, 223. 



Fissiparous reproduction, propaga- 

 tion by fissure or division, 156. 



Flight, 92. 



Flora, influence on a fauna, 187- 



Fluviatile, pertaining to rivers, 27. 



Foraminifera, 22. 



Formation, geological, 217- 



Fossil, dug from the earth, applied 

 to the remains of animals and 

 plants. 



