EFFECTS OF CASTRATION OF HEN-FEATHERED CAMPINES. 239 



was in such poor condition after the second operation that for a 

 time it was expected that he would die, but he finally got better 

 and lived several months. When the bird was killed a large 

 growth of bony substance was found on the left femur that fitted 

 into a deep depression in the ribs. Some sort of infection had 

 occurred at the region of incision. The photograph shown in 

 Fig. 4, B, was taken March 2, 1920. The bird was at this time 

 completely cock-feathered as best seen in the feather chart Fig. 

 5. Here three feathers from each region are shown. The first 

 (a, b, c, d} are those present on June 16, when the first operation 

 was performed. They are .typical for a hen-feathered bird of 

 this age. The change that took place before the second opera- 

 tion can be seen from inspection of the second set of feathers 

 (a 1 , b\ c\ d\ Sept. 15). The third set of feathers (<f, b~, c 2 , d 2 ), 

 pulled out March 3, 1920, show that no further change had taken 

 place; in fact there is some evidence of slight retrogression, 

 which is sufficiently accounted for by the continued growth of the 

 pieces of the testis that had been left. When killed on May 8, 

 there were found three small sacks filled with black material on 

 the right side, and one good but small piece of testis on the right 

 side somewhat larger than a pea. 



The third bird had been picked out of the flock, because its 

 secondary plumage, that was just coming in, showed on the back 

 and saddle, marked indications of cock-feathering (Fig. 6 A). 

 It was obviously an exceptional bird. It was not operated on 

 when the other two were. During June and July, as new feathers 

 came in, this bird became more markedly cock-feathered, as seen 

 in the photograph taken Sept. 9 (Fig. 6, A}. Nevertheless none 

 of the feathers were as fully developed as would be expected in 

 a normal cock-feathered male of this race, as seen by comparing 

 Figs. 5 and 7. The comb of this bird remained small at first, but 

 slowly got larger. It was much paler than the comb of the 

 normal hen-feathered males of its race and not quite so large. 

 On Sept. 13 the bird was etherized and opened at the side be- 

 tween the last pair of ribs as in the ordinary process of castra- 

 tion. Both testes in this bird were little advanced beyond the 

 juvenile stage, and were not nearly as large as expected in a 

 bird of this age and size. In this condition we find, I think, an 



