372 P. W. WHITING. 



their normal position; extra gonapophyses may appear in 

 addition to the two normally present. 



These abnormalities which consist in increase in size or number 

 of parts or in malformation without reduction are to be dis- 

 tinguished from deficiency. 



DEFICIENCY. 



Antennal deficiency is usually evidenced by tapering and 

 fusion of terminal joints as in right antenna of specimen shown in 

 Plate i, Fig. H (Male from nyi^c). There is, in general, a 

 tendency toward symmetry but much irregularity. Fusion 

 without tapering may occur or one antenna may be normal (Figs. 

 A and H). 



Males may have genitalia missing and abdomen rounded off at 

 tip, or the normal parts may be reduced in size, twisted out of 

 shape or lacking on one side of the body while present in almost 

 normal condition on the other. 



In Plate I., Fig. D is shown the ventral side of the abdomen of 

 a normal male. Fig. E shows the abdomen from posterior view, 

 somewhat oblique, with genitalia extruded. The tip is curved 

 ventrally so that it is seen in dorsal aspect. 



Figs. A, B, and C are from a male (Freak 60) illustrating 

 deficiency in antennae and genitalia on the right side of the body 

 both anteriorly and posteriorly. Fig. B shows the tip of the 

 abdomen ventrally and slightly oblique while Fig. C is an aspect 

 comparable with Fig. E. Genitalia are completely lacking on 

 right side, including even the right side of the penis, while 

 posterior sternites and tergites taper off dextrally. Organs on the 

 left are somewhat bent toward the right but otherwise normal. 

 Sections of abdomen showed right testis and vas deferens 

 completely lacking, left apparently normal. 



Fig. A , ventral view of head, shows left antenna normal. It is 

 drawn displaced from the head for economy of space. Right 

 antenna is shortened by reduction and fusion of joints toward the 

 tip. Right labial palpus is missing. 



Figs. K, L, and M, show dorsal, ventral, and right aspect 

 respectively of abdomen of normal female. 



Figs. / and / show ventral and right aspect respectively of 



