No. 2.] HABITS OF POXERA AND STIGMATOMMA. 57 



pupate ; the two others contained several packets of eggs and 

 many young and half-grown larvae. One of the nests found 

 in Colebrook, August 29, contained numerous callows and 

 a few young larvae. These observations, together with the 

 fact that the cocoons collected on Naushon Island nearly all 

 hatched before August 20, show that Stigmatoinnia normally 

 produces two broods during the summer. In this respect it 

 may differ from P. coantata ; for, as I have said, no eggs or 

 larvae of this species were found in several nests examined the 

 last of August and the beginning of September. 



>S. pallipcs seems to be so completely subterranean in its 

 habits that it does not come to the surface even at night. 

 Its nests are like those of P. coarctata, and it also often digs its 

 galleries in the vegetable mold overlapping the edges instead 

 of beneath the center of a stone. It is a much larger ant than 

 P. coarctata, measuring 5.5 to 7.5 mm. One of the colonies 

 taken on Naushon Island consisted throughout of very small 

 individuals (5.5 to 6 mm.). The Colebrook individuals were 

 all of smaller size than the majority of those from Massa- 

 chusetts. 



The females (Fig. 5), of which each colony contains from 

 one to four before the hatching of the cocoons, are of the same 

 size or slightly larger than the workers. They differ from the 

 workers (Fig. 7) in having much larger lateral eyes, in having 

 ocelli and wings, and in the structure of the thorax. Both 

 females and workers are of a rich reddish-brown color ; in 

 older specimens the head, thorax, and node are almost or quite 

 black, while the abdomen and legs are much paler. The male 

 (Fig. 6) is black, with the two basal joints of the antennae, the 

 trochanters, tibiae, and tarsi yellow ; the remainder of the 

 antennae reddish. The head, thorax, and anterior portion of 

 the node are opaque and coarsely punctate or wrinkled, whereas 

 the pleurae, scutellum, posterior edge of the node, and the 

 abdomen are glabrous. The black stigma of the colorless 

 wings in both sexes is large and conspicuous. Interesting 

 morphological characters, such as the structure of the antennae 

 in the two sexes, the remarkable dentate mandibles and clypeus 

 in the female and worker, the venation, etc., are represented in 



