directly from the nucleus of the cell in which it originates ; the 

 cilia?, of which there are two at the anterior extremity, are (accord- 

 ing to Schmitz) formed by the protoplasm. Even before the cells 

 rupture the spermatozoids begin to rotate in them. 



THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPORE. The spore, like the Antheridium 

 is formed on the leaf, but always on a short lateral ray, which is 

 designated the sporophyas (spore bud). This appellation may be 

 sanctioned if the ray bearing the spore be considered a specialised 

 portion of the leaf, reminding one of the ovary of the Phanerogams. 

 The spore arises in this spore bud, not within a parent cell nor in a 

 compound receptacle, but as a naked cell, which becomes enclosed 

 and tightly enveloped by rays developed from the supporting cell. 



The cell which is about to develop a sporophydium divides at 

 first into two cells and the lower of these divides again. The upper- 

 most cell becomes the spore, the lowest the node of the spore, from 

 which develop the cells which are to envelop the spore. The middle 

 cell is the stipe cell of the spore and remains hidden in the mature 

 capsule. The number of rays which develop from the node of the 

 spore is nearly always five; at first these rays consist of a single cell, 

 but as they lengthen the cells divide by a nearly horizontal wall into 

 two cells, and in the Nitellae the upper cell again subdivides. The 

 lowest cell of these rays elongates, while the upper cells remain short 

 and form a tip. As these cells elongate they twist about the spore 

 and form an envelope, surmounted by the cells at their tips. 



Fig. 40 is a young spore, with its lateral, 

 enveloping ray cells, two-celled at the tip 

 (drawn from N. oligospira). 



Fig. 41 shows a spore more developed and 

 more enveloped by the twisting cells from 

 the node at the base (from the same plant as ' 

 Fig. 40). 



The envelope of cells is called the sporo- 

 stegium (spore capsule). It always twists 

 to the left, upward. The cells at the tip of 

 this capsule do not twist, but close together 

 like a rosette and form a coronula. In the 

 Charae the coronula consists of five cells Fig. 40. 



(one at the tip of each enveloping cell). The cells of this coronula 

 are united below, while their tips frequently diverge, as in Ch. coro- 



