nodes of old stems become swollen and filled with granules of 

 starch. 



Fig-. 33 represents a subter- 

 ranean node of Ch. fragilis 3 

 with the basal nodal cells rilled 

 with starch granules; not only 

 are they deposited in these 

 cells, but in the internodal cells 

 of leaf and stem, as well. 

 When a new shoot arises from 

 an axil of this plant, this store 

 of nutriment is drawn upon 

 till the new plant attains size 

 enough to enable it to appro- 

 priate its own food. 



Fig. 34 represents a tuft of minute 

 radicles enlarged at their tips and filled 

 with starch, so that they look like a 

 bunch of white grapes; each bulblet is 

 nearly round and one-celled ; drawn 

 from Ch. aspera. 



Pringsheim (ueber die Vorkeim und 

 die nacktfuessigen Zweige der Charen, 

 Jahrb. f. Botanik, 3, 294), has studied 

 the reproduction of Ch. fragilis from old stem nodes, by means of 

 gymnopodal shoots (naked footed), which are imperfectly developed 

 at the base, but which subsequently become perfect stems; and, also, 

 by means of protonemal shoots, which, at first rudimentary, give rise 

 to perfect stems by a lateral growth, behaving, in this respect, just 

 like the first growth of the seed, the seed protonema. 



Fig- 34- 



ORGANS OF FRUCTIFICATION. The Antheridia and Sporophydia are 

 always borne on the leaves or on their basal nodes. Antheridia, the 

 male organs, producing spermatozoids, are always metamorphosed 

 terminal segments of leaves, or of their lateral rays (bracts}; Sporo- 

 pliydia arise from the same node, but lateral to the Antheridia. In 

 Chara the Antheridium occupies the place of a bract on the side of a 

 leaf, and the sporophydium arises from one (the upper) of the basilar 

 cells; if the species be dioecious the sporophydium occupies the same 

 position in relation to the bract. In Nitella the Antheridium is termi- 

 nal (on the end of the leaf), and the sporophydium arises from one of 



