28 



the cells of the same node, either from one of the basal cells of the 

 Antheridium, or of the terminal ray taking- the place of it. In Toly- 

 pella the Antheridia are always in the place of lateral rays, or of ac- 

 cessory leaves in the fundus of the verticil, never terminal on the 

 primary ray ; in this genus sporophydia, sometimes long-stalked 

 and numerous, spring- from their basal cells, or from the basal cells 

 of the lateral rays. 



Fig. 35 shows the position of the sporophydium, lateral to the 

 Antheridium which terminates a primary ray and is surrounded by 

 three lateral rays, which, in this species (N. intermedia, Nordstedt), 

 again divide, and bear fruiting- organs. 

 Fig. 36 shows the situation of two 

 sporophydia in a verticil of N. mega- 

 carpa, Allen; " i " is the primary ray 

 which bears an Antheridium on its tip. 

 In this species the sporophydia are 

 aggregated in the verticils and not al- 

 ways single, as in many other Nitellae. 

 (For illustrations of Tolypella, see plates 

 farther on.) 



Fig. 37, from Chara coronata, van 

 Braunii tenera (New Mexico), shows 

 the fruiting- organs, lateral on a leaf; in this case they are double on 

 one leaf (frequent in this species); the Antheridia are removed to show 

 the point of attachment. 



The basilar node of the lateral ray (or of 

 the Antheridium, which may take its place), 

 ..T which produces sporophydia, differs in its 

 arrangement from the basilar node of an 

 ordinary ray or bract. The ordinary (ster- 

 ile) ray has a basilar node, consisting of four 

 peripheral cells, while the basilar node of a 

 fertile bract has five cells, the odd cell being 

 in the median line, upward. This fifth cell 

 gives rise to the sporophydium, and the cells 

 on each side of it develop secondary rays, 

 or bracteoles ; the two inferior cells may de- 

 velop cortex cells (in species with corticated 

 Fig. 36. leaves). 



In Fig. 37 two bracteoles are shown by each sporophydium. 



Fig- 35- 



