54 SJOSTEDTS K1LIMANDJARO-MERU EXPEDITION. 2. 



name because he did not like geografic names. He named then the Abyssinian 

 Warthog Ph. dSliani because he regarded it to represent the 'k TSTpaxspw?* mentioned 

 by that old author. Although CRETZSCHMAR believed himself that his Ph. JEliani 

 was identical with Ph. africanus from Senegal it must be kept in mind that the 

 type for the former name was an Abyssinian animal. 



Only two years later EHRENBERG named a Warthog from Arkiko in the present 

 Eritrea, Ph. Haroia. EHRENBERG expressed as his opinion that the Abyssinian Warthog 

 was not identical with the animal from Senegal which originally had received the 

 name Ph. africanus. It is also questionable whether Ph. celiani and Ph. haroia are 

 fully identical as the coloured figures published by CRETZSCHMAR and EH REN B ERG 

 differ in several respects. 



In the year 1846 SUNDEVALL stated that the Warthogs sent home from Caff- 

 raria, that is Natal, by WAHLBERG were provided with incisors in both jaws and 

 thus belonged to Ph. celiani* (not to Ph. cethiopicus). PETERS again named 1852 

 the specimens from Mossambique Ph. africanus. 



In such a way later authors have sometimes used the name celiani, sometimes, 

 and more often africanus but both have been used in the same broad sense com- 

 prising all Warthogs with upper and lower incisors from all parts of Africa. 



In the year 1900 W. L. ScLATER 1 > included all the South African wart-hogs 

 under the oldest name P. cethiopicus , although his material comprised skulls as well 

 with as without incisors in the upper jaw. 



This might suffice to prove that a great uncertainty prevails concerning these 

 animals. As I have comparatively little material to base my judgement on, it is 

 with hesitation that I express my views in the following, but I think that they may 

 serve to set matters aright to some extent. It appears that more than two kinds 

 of Warthogs must be discerned and distinguished by names viz for the present 

 at least: 



Phacochcerus cethiopicus (PALLAS) type-locality Cape. 



africanus (GMELIN) Cape Verd. 



sundevallii n. n. Natal. 



massaicas n. n. Kilimandjaro-Meru district. 



celiani " CRETZSCHMAR Abyssinia. 



These appear all of them at least according to the material available to me 

 and according to the literature to be easily distinguished by cranial characteristics, 

 especially is this the case with the adult boars, but on the other hand at least the 

 three last are to be regarded as geographic subspecies. Phacochoerus cethiopicus is the 

 most specialised Warthog in which the upper incisors have completely disappeared 

 and usually the lower ones as well, although the latter perhaps may be present in 

 young specimens in a rudimentary stage. In addition to this the skull of Ph. 

 cethiopicus is recognized on its relative shortness, especially with regard to its post- 



1 The Fauna of South Africa \>. U7*. 



1 Whether Ph. haroia is distinct must be left to the future. If it i>. its type-locality i* Arkoki. Eritrea. 



