66 SjftSTEDTS KII.IMANDJARO-MERU EXPEDITION. 2. 



line along the median suture. The nasals of Ph. massaicus are evenly convex along 

 their whole extent only with the lateral portions flattened in the anterior half. 



The choanae of Ph. sundevallii are very narrow, only 30 mm., those of Ph. 

 massaicus decidedly broader 37 mm. without, however, attaining the width of Ph. 

 trthiopicus. The osseous septum is not so high as in the last mentioned species, but 

 both in sundevallii and massuicits the posterior pockets mentioned above are covered 

 by a bony lamella extending about 2 cm. in front of basioccipitale. 



The female skulls are more similar to each other, than those of the males, but 

 the post orbital flat area is broader in the female Ph. massaicus. Thus in two 

 female skulls of the same length, 367 mm. from the anterior tip of the nasals to 

 the sagittal crest, the width of the postorbital flat area is in Ph. sundevallii only 

 30 mm. but in Ph. massaicus 39 mm. In the same way the choanae are broader in 

 the latter than in the former. Phacochcerus celiani appears to have according to 

 CRETZSCHMAR'S figures a more elongated skull even than Ph. massaicus. The postor- 

 bital portion (measured on the figures as indicated above) is about 14 /o of the total 

 length of the skull, thus a trifle shorter than in Ph. massaicus, but on the other 

 hand the interorbital breadth of Ph. celiani is comparatively very much smaller than 

 in Ph. massaicus so that the skull of the the Abbyssinian Warthog looks very much 

 narrower than the other. The interorbital width of Ph. celiani is, according to 

 CRETZSCHMAR'S figures (1. c. Tab. 26, b) contained not less than about 3 "A times in 

 the length of the skull. If the drawings are correct in CRETZSCHMAR'S work these 

 relative proportions are sufficient to easily distinguish Ph. a'Uani from the more 

 southern Warthogs of East Africa. On the same condition another very conspicuous 

 characteristic may be added. In CRETZSCHMAR'S quoted figures, a and b, the distance 

 from the anterior border of foramen infraorbitale to the anterior tip of the nasals is 

 equal to the distance from the first mentioned place to foramen lacrymale, but as well 

 in Pit. sundevallii as in Ph. massaicus the latter distance is much longer, resp. 4 and 

 4 Va cm. in adult males. (In Ph. a'thiopicus the difference between these distances 

 is not so great, about 1 cm.) 



As I have no skulls of adult boars from Senegal I cannot extend the comparison 

 to the Warthogs of the true Ph. africauus type. GRAY* says, however, about the 

 skull from Cap Verde that the line along the upper surface of the skull is full 

 three times the length of the width between the upper edges of the orbits . It 

 should thus in this respect perhaps be most similar to Ph. sundevallii. There are, 

 however, no doubt distinguishing characters between these two Warthogs, although 

 I cannot point them out with full certainty now for want of material. CUVIER'S 

 drawings 2 do not appear to be so carefully made that any conclusions can be based 

 on them for this purpose. 



In making these comparisons only adult skulls or figures of such have been 

 used, which is a necessary precaution as the skulls of the Warthogs change a great 



1 fatal. Canny. Pachyderm. ISli'J. 

 ' Mem. du Mus. Paris T. VIII 1822. 



