TECHNICAL TERMS 



PECULIAR TO THE NAVIGATION AMONG ICB. 



BAY-ICE. Ice newly formed upon the surface of the sea. The expres- 

 sion is, however, applied also to ice a foot or two in thickness. 



BKSET. The situation of a ship when closely surrounded by ice. 



BIGHT. An indentation in a floe of ice, like a bay, by which name 

 it is sometimes called. 



BLINK. A peculiar brightness in the atmosphere, often assuming an 

 arch-like form, which is generally perceptible over ice or land cov- 

 ered with snow. The blink of land, as well as that over large quan 

 tities of ice, is usually of a yellowish cast. 



BORE. The operation of "boring" through loose ice consists in 

 entering it under a press of sail, and forcing the ship through by 

 separating the masses. 



BRASH. Ice broken up into small fragments, 



CACHE. Literally a hiding-place. The places of deposit of provision 

 in Arctic travel are so called. 



CALF. A mass of ice lying under a floe near its margin, and, when 

 disengaged from that position, rising with violence to the surface of 

 the water. See TONGUE. 



CROW'S NEST. A smalt circular house, like a cask, fixed at the mast- 

 head, in which the look-out man sits, either to guide the ship through 

 the ice, or to give notice of whales. 



DOCK. In a floe may be natural or artificial : the former being simply 

 a small " bight," in which a ship is placed to secure her from the 

 danger of external pressure ; and the latter, a square space cut out 

 with saws for a similar purpose. 



FIELD. A sheet of ice generally of great thickness, and of too great 

 extent to be seen over from a ship's masthead. 



FIORD. An abrupt opening in the coast-line admitting the sea. 



FLOE. The same as a field, except that its extent can be distinguished 

 from a ship's masthead. A " bay-floe " is a floe of ice newly formed. 



FLOE-PIECE. An expression generally applied to small pieces of floes, 

 not more than a furlong square. 



GLACIER. A mass of ice derived from the atmosphere, sometimes 

 abutting on the sea. 



HUMMOCK. A mass of ice rising to a considerable height above th* 



