LIGHT PRODUCTION IN CEPHALOPODS. 



single species occurs in Nematolampas regalis Berry, from the 

 Kermadec Islands, where the 90 or more organs are elaborated 

 upon 12 or 13 more or less diverse structural principles. 



12. The occurrence, distribution, arrangement, and morpho- 

 logical detail of photogenic organs in cephalopods are features 

 of considerable taxonomic importance and yield valuable clues 

 as to the relationship and classification of the genera and species 

 even where still unknown anatomically. 



13. The best evidence seems to indicate that the photogenic 

 organs in this group of animals are polyphyletic and more or 

 less sporadic in origin, hence that light production in cephalopods 

 is not an essentially primitive or ancestral function to be regarded 

 as now lost in many members of the group. 



13. LITERATURE. 16 



Berry, S. S. 



'13 Nematolampas, a Remarkable New Cephalopod from the South Pacific. 



BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN, v. 25, pp. 208-212, i fig., AuguSt, 1913. 

 'isa Teuthological Miscellany No. i. Zoologischer Anzeiger, Bd. 42, pp. 590- 



592, October, 1913. 



Chun, C. 



'oo Aus den Tiefen des Weltmeeres. Jena, 1900. 



'03 Aus den Tiefen des Weltmeeres. Zweite Auflage, Jena, 1903. 



'033 Uber Leuchtorgane und Augen von Tiefsee-Cephalopoden. Verhandl. d. 



deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 1903, pp. 67-91, text figs. 1-14, 1903. 

 '10 Die Cephalopoden. i. Teil: Oegopsida. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse d. 



deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition Valdivia, Bd. 18, pp. 1-402, 2 pis. and 32 



figs, in text, Atlas of 61 pis., 1910. 

 '13 Cephalopoda. Report Scientific Results " Michael Sars " North Deep Sea 



Expedition, 1910, V. 3, pt. i, Zoology, pp. 1-28, text figs, i-n, pi. 1-2, 

 1013. 



Dahlgren, U. 



'16 The Production of Light by Animals. Journal Franklin Institute, Feb.- 

 April, 1916, pp. 1-75, text figs. 1-20. 



Darwin, C. 



'60 Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Coun- 

 tries Visited during the Voyage round the World of H. M. S. " Beagle " 

 under the Command of Captain Fitz Roy, R.N. 8vo, pp. 1-551, illus- 

 trated, London, 1913 (first edition May, 1860). 



Holder, C. F. 



'87 Living Lights. A Popular Account of Phosphorescent Animals and 

 Vegetables. 8vo, 127 p., 28 pis., New York, 1887. 



16 A more exhaustive bibliography of the subject is in preparation for a later 

 paper of this series. 



