CHROMOSOME STUDIES IN TETTIGID^E. 221 



tion to these Wenrich ('16) gives strong evidence for parasynapsis 

 in Phrynotettix and ('17) Chorthippus and Tr inter otro pis. 



May it not be that within the order Orthoptera, or even within 

 the same family, that the kind of synapsis is different? The 

 behavior in heredity is certainly different. The behavior of 

 Paratettix in heredity has already been discussed. Bellamy ('17) 

 has described a similar condition in the genus Tettigidea. He 

 found five allelomorphic color patterns without any indication 

 of cross-overs. The cytological constitution of the germ-cells 

 of his material has not been examined. However, Robertson 

 ('17) has described parasynapsis in Tettigidea parvipennis. 

 Nabours ('19) has not only found crossing-over in Apotettix, but 

 has also found parthenogenesis and crossing-over in those repro- 

 ducing parthenogenetically. Certainly if we accept the chromo- 

 some hypothesis of heredity there must be a difference in the 

 cytological behavior of the germ-cells of these genera. Certainly 

 enough has already been said in this paper to show that the chro- 

 mosomes pair by telosynapsis in Paratettix. With the many 

 cross-overs in Apotettix, and the similar behavior in inheritance 

 to Drosophila, one would expect the chromosome behavior to be 

 different than in Paratettix and more like Drosophila. The 

 writer has not yet studied the chromatin behavior in Apotettix. 



2. Chromosomes in Hybrids. 



In working with the chromosomes of hybrids Moenkhaus, 

 Morris, Federley, Harrison and Doncaster, Pinney and others 

 have found that despite the fact that the paternal chromosomes 

 are in a foreign cytoplasm they retain their characteristic form, 

 size and number. Moenkhaus ('04) pointed out that when 

 Fundulus is crossed with Menidia two kinds of chromosomes 

 are present in the fertilized egg and can readily be distinguished 

 in later divisions, furthermore, that these two kinds of chromo- 

 somes are like the chromosomes of each parent respectively. 



Morris ('14) found two types of chromosomes in the early 

 cleavage stages of the hybrid of Fundulus heteroclitus 9 and 

 Ctenolabrus adspersus c? . These types of chromosomes she 

 identifies as the two types of parental chromosomes. 



Pinney (' 1 8) made a number of crosses with teleosts and also 



