BIOLOGY OF SOME COMMON LAMPYRID/E. 75 



1 1 . All species that were studied hibernate as larvae underneath 

 stones, a short distance under the ground or near the surface, 

 often in specially constructed chambers. 



12. Pupation takes place in moist earth under stones, or in 

 specially constructed pupal-cells at the surface of the ground. 

 The pupal cell of Photurus pennsylvanica is made of short, 

 ribbon-like pieces of earth, which the larva masticates and con- 

 structs into a lattice-like dome. 



13. The pupae retain the larval light-organs which function 

 throughout the pupal period. This period was found to be 

 from seven to eighteen days according to the species. 



14. The adults live for a period of two to four weeks, during 

 which time they deposit their eggs on the ground about the roots 

 of grass and moss. 



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 Annandale, N. 



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Ent. Soc. Wash., XVI., pp. 32-34. 

 Bethune, C. J. S. 



'68 Luminous Larvae. Can. Ent., I., pp. 38-39. 

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'04 Zur Biologic unserer Leuchtkafer. Natw. Wochenschr., Jena XIX., pp. 



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'17 The Production of Light by Animals The Fireflies or Lampyrids. Jour. 



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 I-IX. 

 Fabre, Henri. 



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'iS On the Methods of Feeding and the Mouthparts of the Larva of the Glow- 

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