INTRODUCTION 1 1 



however, is not a Tunicate ; it is Psolus phantopus [a 

 HolothurianJ, and is tolerably well figured. 



[In the ' Natural History of Zoophytes ' of Ellis 

 and Solander (1786), the first two British Timicates 

 are described as Alct/oui/rni pulmonar-ia and A. ScMos- 

 seri ; and in 1803 Montagu, in his ' Testacea Britan- 

 nica,' incidentally recorded Ascidia mentula from the 

 coast of Devon.] 



Turton gives two species in his ' British Fauna,' 

 which was published in 1807. [These are Ascidia 

 rustica, on the authority of Pennant, a record which we 

 have seen is not that of a Tunicate, and A. mamillaris. 

 He also enumerates, under the generic name Alcyonium, 

 five species previously recorded, as A. Schhsseri, 

 A. Boi'Iasii, A. Ficas (sic), A. conglomeratum., and 

 A. ascidioides (of Pallas = - .Itistvutttx rariolosus, Grsertn.); 

 to which may be added Ascidia mentula to complete 

 the British records to that date.] 



In the course of the next eleven years the number 

 of British species had increased to twelve, that being 

 the extent of the list introduced in Fleming's ' British 

 Animals ' [1828]. They are named as follows :- 

 Pandocia conchilega, Clavellina lepadiformis, Pirena 

 prunum, Cionaintestinalis, Pltalliixia mentula, P. rustica, 

 Polyzona variolosa, Sydneum turbinatum, Alpidiumficus, 

 Botryllus Schlosseri, B.conglomeratus, and Salpa ni<>ni- 

 liformis, none of which appear to have been added to 

 our fauna by the personal exertions of the author. 



[Seven of the species enumerated above were additions 

 to the British fauna since the publication of Turton' s 

 list in 1807. Three of these were recorded by Pro- 

 fessor Jameson from Leitli shore in 1811 ('Mem. 

 Wernerian Soc.,' i), and were referred by him to 

 Mailer's Axcidia- rustica, A. pr/u/uni, and A. conchilega ; 

 one, Giona intestinalis, was added by Pennant, from the 

 Menai Straits, as Ascidia rirescens, in the 1812 edition 

 of his ' British Zoology,' in which he changed the 

 name of his Psolus from Ascidia, rustica to A. ebora- 

 censis, recognising that it was not Midler's A. rustica ; 



