OF INTELLIGENCE AND INSTINCT. 87 



may even be searching for something which actually lies within 

 the compass of our vision ; the light enters the eye as usual, 

 and the image is formed on the retina ; but, to use a common 

 expression, we look without seeing, unless the mind that per- 

 ceives is directed to the object. 



188. In addition to the faculty of perceiving sensations, 

 the higher animals have also the faculty of recalling past im- 

 pressions, or the power of memory. Many animals retain a 

 recollection of the pleasure or pain that they have experienced, 

 and seek or avoid the objects which may have produced these 

 sensations ; and in doing so, they give proof of judgment. 



189. This fact proves that animals have the faculty of 

 comparing their sensations and of deriving conclusions from 

 them ; in other words, that they carry on a process of rea- 

 soning. 



190. These different faculties, taken together, constitute 

 intelligence. In man, this superior principle, which is an 

 emanation of the divine nature, manifests itself in all its 

 splendour. God " breathed into him the breath of life, and 

 man became a living soul." It is man's prerogative, and his 

 alone, to regulate his conduct by the deductions of reason ; 

 he has the faculty of exercising his judgment not only upon 

 the objects which surround him, and of apprehending the 

 many relations which exist between himself and the external 

 world ; but he may also apply his reason to immaterial things, 

 observe the operations of his own intellect, and, by the analysis 

 of his faculties, may arrive at the consciousness of his own 

 nature, and even conceive of that Infinite Spirit, " whom none 

 by searching can find out." 



191. Other animals cannot aspire to conceptions of this 

 kind; they perceive only such objects as immediately strike their 

 senses, and are incapable of continuous efforts of the reasoning 

 faculty in regard to them. But their conduct is frequently 

 regulated by another principle of inferior order, called INSTINCT, 

 still derived from the immaterial principle. 



192. Under the guidance of instinct, animals are enabled 

 to perform certain operations, in one undeviating manner, 

 without instruction. When man chooses wood and stone, as 

 the materials for his dwelling, in preference to straw and 

 leaves, it is because he has learned by experience, or because 

 his associates have informed him that these materials are 



