MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF FISHES. 



107 



a \ ff////f////M 



[Fig. 76 represents the Ahtscles of the Peroh.' a, inferior half of the 

 great lateral muscular mass ; a', the superior half; b and c, points where 

 these masses divide for the passage of the rays of the pectoral and ventral 

 fins; de, the middle inferior longitudinal muscles ;/, the middle superior; g, 

 muscles for moving the ventral fin ; h, the muscles special to the pectoral 

 fin ; h h, the particular muscles of the dorsal fin ; i, the muscles of the 

 anal fin ; k, the muscles of the caudal tail fin ; / I', the muscles com- 

 mon to the jaws ; m, the muscles of the operculum and the first inter- 

 costal of the cranium ; /3, attachment of the latero-superior muscles of 

 the occiput ; i//, the lateral line between the muscular masses ; the great 

 lateral nerve has been removed, and the superior muscular mass pushed 

 upwards. Cuvier, Histoire des Poissons. 



[Fig. 77. Muscular system of Birds. The muscles of the Falco 

 nisus : 1, the great complexus ; 1 a, its tendon ; 1 b, its superior head ; 

 1 c, its inferior head ; 2, the small complexus ; 3, the lateral flexor of the 

 head ; 4, the long flexor of the head ; 5, the great extensor of the neck ; 

 6, the descending cervical; 7,7', the demi-spinal muscles of the neck and 

 back ; 8, the superior flexor of the head ; 9, the inferior, or long flexor 

 of the head; 10, 10, the anterior and posterior inter - transverse muscles 

 of the neck; 11, the elevator of \he coccyx ; 12, the depressor of 

 the coccyx; 13, the cruri-coccygean ; 14, the pubi-coccygean ; 15, the 

 eschio-coccygean ; 16, the quadratus ; 17, the external oblique of the abdo- 

 men ; 18, the trapezium ; 19, the great serratus ; 20, the great pectoral ; 

 21, the latissimus dorsi; 22, the deltoid; 23, the subscapular ; 24, the 

 coraco-brachialis ; 25, the biceps brachialis ; 26, the supinator ; 27, the 

 long anconaeus ; 28, the short anconseus ; 29, the small anconaeus ; 30, the 

 anterior extensor of the skin of the wing ; 30 a, the portion which goes to 

 the carpus ; 30 b, the portion which goes to the radius ; 31, the posterior 

 extensor of the skin of the wing, divided 32, the long extensor of the 

 metacarpus ; 33, the short extensor of the metacarpus ; 34 a; the com- 

 mon flexor of the thumb and second finger ; 34 b, the extensor of the 



