DOESAL VEETEBE.2E. 



Fig. 110 is the axis or second vertebra of the neck, with the 

 round tooth-like process (k) rising from pi g . no. 



its centrum (1) ; from the extremity of 

 this process two strong ligaments pass 

 obliquely outwards, to be attached to 

 the occipital bone ; (2) is the articular 

 surface, which plays on a like process 

 of the atlas (fig. 109, 3). 



The seventh vertebra (fig. Ill) differs 

 from the other cervical, in being larger, having the transverse 

 processes (4, 4) single, with a hole in 

 each for the transmission of the vertebral 

 veins ; constituting a transition to the 

 typical form met with in the middle re- 

 gion of the thorax. 



[ 255. THE DOESAL VEETEBEJE (figs. 

 1 1 2 and 113) diminish in size from the 

 first to the fourth or fifth, from which 

 they increase to the twelfth, which is the 

 largest of all. The centrum (1, , 6,) is 

 longest in the antero-posterior direction ; 

 the parapophyses (4, 4,) are short and stout, and the neurapo- 



Fig. 111. 



Fig. 112. 



Fig. 113. 



10 



physes (6) 

 broad, and 

 inclined to 

 form a 

 complete 

 osseous tile- 

 like case for 

 protecting 

 the spinal 

 cord ; the 

 neural spine 

 (5) is long, 

 and direct- 

 ed obliquely downwards, terminating in a tubercle for muscular 

 attachment. The number of the dorsal vertebrae corresponds with 

 the number of the ribs, which in man amounts to twelve pair. 

 Fig. 114 shews the articulation of the xth, xith, and xnth 

 dorsal vertebrae, and the changes of form which the centrum and 



K 





