VEGETATION OF THE NORTHERN SHORES. 181 



Between the region of the oak and that of the beech, we have at a 

 height of 2,000 feet, as a transitory zone, a narrow tract characterized 

 by the wild cherry tree and the Pinus sylvestris, which is, however, 

 particularly adorned by a large variety of shrubs. To this zone 

 belongs in the first place the linden tree, (Tilia microphylla f 7 "., and 

 Tilia platyphylla Scop.') ; three maples, (Acer opulifolium L., Acer 

 platanoides L., and Acer campestre .) ; the Evonymus europreus L., 

 Cerasus Padus DC., Prunus spinosai., Crataegus Aria .,Mespilus 

 oxyacantha, Lonicera Periclyraenum L., Sambucus nigra L., Cornus 

 mas L., Cornus sanguinea L., Viscum album L., Ligustrum vulgare 

 L., Daphne Cneorum L., Populus treniula L., with the introduced ./Es- 

 culus Hipocastanum, which succeeds in this zone better than anywhere 

 else. This is the region of shrubs, properly speaking, with which is 

 mingled the beech tree, whose zone, however, is more extended, and 

 ascends in the Jura to 3,500 feet, and to 4,000 feet in the Alps. 



To the region of the beech tree, which extends over a thousand 

 feet of vertical height, from 2,500 to 8,500 feet, belong the following 

 shrubs: Rhaninus Frangula L., Cytisus Laburnum L., Rubus saxa- 

 tilis L., Rubus caesius L., Rubus idreus L., Rosa eglanteria_Z/., Rosa 

 villosa L., Rosa canina i., Rosa rubiginosa L., Crataegus Amelan- 

 chier L., Lonicera Xylosteum L., Sambucus Ebulus L., Daphne 

 Mezereum L., Daphne alpina L., Daphne laureola L., Ulmus 

 cainpestris L., Corylus Avellana L. 



The region of the pines or Coniferse extends from 3,500 feet to 

 4,500 feet in the Jura, and to 6,000 feet in the Alps. It is well 

 characterized in its lower and middle parts, where we find Frax- 

 inus excelsior L., Abies excelsaDG"., Abies pectinata DC., Juniperus 

 communis L., and in the higher part the Pinus Cembra L., Pinus 

 Pumilio CluSj Larix europaea DC. In this zone live the Betula alba 

 L., Betula pubescens Ehr., and Betula nana L., and some bushes 

 which never leave it, the Ericineae especially ; Vaccinium Myrtillus 

 1,., Vaccinium uliginosumi., Vaccinium Oxycoccos L., Vaccinium 

 Vitis-idsea _L., Andromeda polifolia L., Arbutus Uva-ursi L,, Arbu- 

 tus alpina L., Pyrola rotundifolia L., Pyrola minor, L., Pyrola chlor- 

 antha Sn., Pyrola secunda L., Pyrola umbellata L., Pyrola uniflora 

 ., Linnsea borealis L., Lonicera alpigena L., Lonicera caerulea 

 L., Rosa rubritblia Willd., Rosa alpina L., Rhamnus alpinus, L., 



