380 



INDEX. 



SHARPE, his paper, 142, n. 4 

 SHAW, his paper, 122, n. 1 

 SHUMARD, his paper, 145, n. 1 

 SIEBOLD (C. THEO. v.), his works, 37, 



n. 2; 103, n. 3; 115, n. 1; 116, n. 



1; 120, n. 1; 139, n. 2; his primary , 



divisions of the animal kingdom, 



287; his classification reviewed, 331 

 Sipunculoids, 118 

 SISMONDA (E.), his paper, 145, n. 

 Size and structure of animals, 70-72 

 Size of animals in its relations to the 



medium in which they live, 73-75 

 SMEATHMAN, 214 



SOWERBY (JAM.), his work, 141, n. 1 

 Species, p. 6, 249-261; views of Aris- 

 totle, 301 



Specific analogies, 279 

 Specific identity between living and 



fossil animals difficult to ascertain, 



155 



Specific differences, 22 

 SPENCE, his work with KIRBY, 85, n. 



2; 132, 1 n.; 134, n. 1 

 SPIX, his works, 24, n.; 31, n. 1 

 SPRING, his work, 148 

 ST. ANGE (MARTIN), his paper, 119, 



n. 1; 125, n. 1; 129, n. 1 

 STANNIUS, his work with SIEBOLD, 37, 



n. 2; his papers, 101, n. 1; his clas- 

 sification, 331 



STERNBERG, his work, 141, n. 1 

 STEENSTRUP, his works, 104, n.; 109, 



n.; 112, n.; 116, n. 1; 136, n. 2; 



on alternate generation, 136 

 STEIN (F.),his works, 108, n. 1; 114, 



n. 2; 116, n. 2; 120, n. 1 

 STEINHEIM, his paper, 124, n. 2 

 STEINTHAL, his work, 98 n. 

 Sterelmintha, as a class, 328 

 STIMPSON, his paper, 105, n. 

 Strata, the lowest strata known to 



contain fossils, 17, n. 

 Structural gradation of animals and 



their embryonic growth, 179 

 Structure of parts characterizes the 



genera, 247 



STRAUSS-DURKHEIM, his work, 12, n. 

 Sub-branches, 263 

 Sub-classes, 262 

 Sub-families, ib. 

 Sub-genera, ib. 

 Sub-orders, ib. 

 Succession of animals and plants in 



geological times, 140-152, 159 



Successive development of characters, 



264-271 



SWALLOW (J. C.), his paper, 142, n. 4 

 SWAINSON, his work, 19, n.; 26, n.; 



130, n. 2; 345 



SWAMMERDAM, his work, 100, n. 1 

 Synapta digitata, harbours young 



snails, 110, n. 

 Synthetic types, 177 

 Systems of zoology, 285 

 Tabulata are Hydroids, and not genu- 

 ine Polyps, 162 

 TELLKAMPF, his paper, 19, n. 

 Terrestrial animals, their geographi- 

 cal distribution, 43; their size, 73 

 Tetrabranchiata, their standing and 



succession, 164 



Thalassicolce, no animals, 290, n. 

 THOMAS, his paper, 124, n. 2 

 THOMPSON (ALLEN), his papers, 114, 



n. 2; 129, n. 1; 130, n. 1 

 THOMPSON (W. V.), his paper, 119, 



n. 1 



Thought in nature, 18, ]66 

 TIEDEMANN, his works, 124, n. 1; 162, 



n. 4 



TODD, his work, 37, n. 2 

 Trematods, 115 

 TREMBLET, 214 

 TREYIRAXUS (G. R.), his work, 37, 



n. 2 

 Tropical families, generally highest 



in their class, or representatives of 



older types, 182 

 TROSCHEL, his works with MULLER, 



44, n. 1; 112, n.; 162, n. 4 

 TSCHDDI, his works, 45, n. 2; 68, n. 

 TUOMEY and HOLMES, their work, 142, 



n. 4 



Turbellarice, 114 

 Types, 5, 21; different meanings of 



the word, 218; v. Baer's views, 353 

 Typical identity, 22 

 UDEKEM (J. de), his paper, 117, n. 2 

 UNGER, bis work, 150, n. 4 

 Unity of plan in diversified types, 23 

 VALENCIENNES, his works, 45, n. 2; 



102, n.; 115, n. 1; 121, n. 2; 122, 



n. 1; 163, n. 2 

 VALENTIN, his works, 101, n. 1; 122, 



n. 1; 162, n. 4 

 VAN BENEDEN, his work, 104, n.; 108, 



n. 1; 109, n.; 110, n. 1; 111, n. 1; 



115, n. 1; 118, n. 3; 121, n. 1 and 



2; his classification, 360 



