PERIOD OF LINNAEUS. 307 



butecl to advance comparative anatomy, when he says, in 

 the preface to the Regne Animal, page vi: " Je clus done, 

 et cette obligation me prit un temps considerable, je dus 

 faire marcher de front Tauatomie et la zoologie, les dis- 

 sections et le classement; chercher dans mes premieres 

 remarques sur I'organisation, des distributions meilleures ; 

 m'eii servir pour arriver a des remarques nouvelles; em- 

 ployer encore ces remarques a perfectionner les distribu- 

 tions ; faire sortir enfin de cette fecondation mutuelle des 

 deux sciences l'ime par 1'autre, un systeme zoologique 

 propre a servir d'introducteur et de guide dans le champ 

 de 1'anatomie, et un corps de doctrine anatomique propre 

 a servir de developpement et d'explication au systeme 

 zoologique." 



Without entering into a detailed account of all that 

 was done in this period towards improving the system of 

 Zoology, it may suffice to say, that, before the first decade 

 of this century had passed, more than twice as many 

 classes as Linnaeus adopted had been characterized in this 

 manner. These classes are : the Mollusks, Cirripeds, Crus- 

 tacea, Arachnids, Annelids, Entozoa (Intestinal Worms), 

 Zoophytes, Eadiata, Polyps, and Infusoria. Cuvier 1 ad- 

 mitted at first only eight classes, Dumeril 2 nine, Lamarck 3 

 eleven and afterwards fourteen. The Cephalopoda, Gas- 

 teropoda, and Acephala, first so named by Cuvier, are in 

 the beginning considered by him as orders only in the 

 class of Mollusks; the Echinoderms also, though for the 

 first time circumscribed by him within their natural 

 limits, constitute only an order of the class of Zoophytes, 



1 CUVIER (G.), Tableau elementaire 3 LAMARCK (J. B. DE), Systeme 



de 1'Histoire naturelle des Aniuiaux; des Animaux sans Vertebres, ou Ta- 



Paris, 1 798, 1 vol. 8vo. bleau general, etc.; Paris, 1801, 1 



3 DUMERIL (A. M. C.), Zoologie vol. 8vo. Histoire naturelle des Ani- 



analytique, etc. ; Paris, 1806, 1 vol. maux sans Vertebres, etc. ; Paris, 



8vo. 1815-1822, 7 vols. 8vo. 



x 2 



