Tribune Extras Pamphlet Series. 



. How could water exist there without also 

 jvaporatiou 1 All the operations of our atmosphere 

 jt<Tins. -winds, ruin, <fcc. duo to evaporation aud pre- 

 I'pi ration tate place lu Mars. These white masses may 

 Se do, i Is. 



Cue peenTiar observation was made. A certain 

 fhito region along the edgo of an ocean in 

 ILira appeared here. as tha plaiiet turned 

 roynd. Mr. D.iwes watched the planet daring the 

 holo night, aud at 2 o'clock the whole of that cloud 

 faau Uis.itip.-aivii, aud lie saw that ocean in groat di>- 

 .Indues. It was then midday iu Mars. That lutro- 

 Snced a consideration of some Interest aa to tho study 

 CJ Mars. We want ia thac study noi merely a clear 

 <? n akr, but a clear Har'ial cky. Another curious 

 tn ii:; hinders observation. All r.round tho planet there 

 ca HU appearance as though its edgo was covered with 

 (:.>. id. o . one side it luarks where tho day is beginning; 

 t ier u'v-ro it is ending. Tlio presenco of the 

 'HI, therefore, eeems to indicate the gathering of 

 miM.v clouds iu the morning and misty clouds in the 

 & veiling. 



It lias i>ccn f.i\ that after all, although there may be 

 (rater there, there may not be au atmosphere carrying 

 icrcat cloud mists, but one so shallow that on account of 

 Jbe great cold, instead of clouds hoar frosc is formed 

 apon the surface of the planet in the night, and when 

 tho day Is proceeding that hoar frost is molted, and 

 the surface of the planet is exposed at once. 



DIVERSITY BETWEEN MARS AND THE EARTH. 



This theory in relatiou to Mars was that it was a disk 

 or globe covered with a hoar frost, and having other 

 peculiarities different from ours. That theory seemed 

 to me so unpleasant that I put forward myself, or at 

 least I adopted, the theory that Mars is a globe like our 

 eunh where all similar processes take place rain, wind, 

 Blurni, clouils, rivers', being produced, denudation tak- 

 ing place everything seemed so much like the earth. 

 But ti'cn came this annoying theory that would put 

 M.irs altogether out of the scheme of an inhabited world, 

 that it '.van only covered at night by hoar frost, and 

 that there was everything in Mars unlike 

 tho earth instead of like it. I determined 

 to destroy that noxious theory, and I began au 

 e.i*ay for the purpose. But I found as I went along that 

 th new theory was as strong as tho one I had adopted 

 lu its .-tiMii, and I finished that essay by advocating tho 

 theory that I intended to destroy. I found there was 

 ver\ good n-ason indeed to believe that Mars is in a, 

 condition unite unlKc'i our earth; that it has a very rare 

 atmosphere, that it has an atmosphere bearing the same 

 relation to that of tola globe that tho oceans of Mara 

 at id its con I incuts bear to ours. You will notice that tho 

 oceans in Mars are very much smaller proportionately 

 than tho oceans on our own earth. There is no Paciflo 

 then-. Iu fact there Is no Atlantic. You have only oc 'a us 

 i "inparativcly small ; the lands and seas are intermixed, 

 Y in lako the caso of our own earth. Tho two Americas 

 ii'iin ;i single island; Europe, Asia, a;.d Africa form 

 bet large island; and wo have the oceans around 

 ul.mds. Tnero Is nothing of that in Mars. You 



lavcl from any ouo part of Mars to another. You 



need not leave the sea or land, according to your tasto, 

 if 3 r ou arc an inhabitant of Mars. Hero is a chart of 

 Mars. There are tho various divisions as I charted them 

 down, and hero you will notice you can pass by water 

 from one ocean all around, on to the side oceans and 

 again northward; in fact, there is no limit to the extent 

 of the Journeys. And there is a curious feature, tho 

 existence of bottle-necked oceans-, with narrow 

 inlets connecting them with the larger 

 ones. A French student who recently dealc 

 with that matter has shown that if our seas were to 

 become shallow, tho form of the oceans would be lika 

 that; there would bo many bottle-necked se.is. It 

 seems therefore as if Mars had a smaller quantity of 

 waterin proportion toils surface than our earth. And so 

 >o iu respect to the atmosphere; there will lie much less 

 nosphere to each square ii!e; and altogether we have 

 ondition of things quire unlike that I had previously 

 supposed. And then there is the email gravity of tha 

 planet. If the gravity of our own earth were suddenly 

 changed to tho gravity in Mars, a pound weight would 

 bo reduced from 16 to 6 ounces, and the air would ba 

 reduced in the same proportion. At tho hight of six 

 or seven miles in a balloon ascent with Mr. 

 Glaisher the air was so rare, Coxwell found the 

 strength leaving him, while his companion was insonsi- 

 ble. It was only by the skin of his teeth he escaped, 

 for his arms being benumbed, he pulled tho valve rope 

 with his teeth. At the hight of seven miles the atmos- 

 pheric pressure is reduced to one-fourth. And here, in 

 the case of Mars, I am speaking of a reduction to one- 

 sixth, which would happen; and if you add the consid- 

 eration that the quantity of air is less, vou have a rarer 

 atmosphere, you have a condition altogether changed i 

 so that light, as we know it, would become impossible, 

 the cold would be greater than you can imagine, and 

 the condition of things becomes altogether different. 

 Evaporation would take place rapidly, and a considera- 

 ble quantity of tho vapor of water would riso 

 in the air In daytime;' snow would bo forme I 

 and carried along bv tho currents currents 

 that would necessarily arise nnd carry it toward t e 

 pole, and there would bo a gathering of snow at tho 

 poles which would bo due in fact to th daily forma- 

 tion of snow and tho continuous sweeping of those 

 snows toward the polar regions. The author of that 

 theory, Mr Matthew Williams, says tho gathering of 

 snow would tend to the formation of enormous glaciers, 

 and then sometimes these large masses of snow would 

 be broken up. I looked out for evidence against tho 

 theory, aud I found evidence in favor of it. Gen. Mitch- 

 ell of Cincinnati has given au account of an observa- 

 tion of Mars, in which a great mass ns largo 

 as this whito region was broken of,, and 

 seemed to him to l>o carried up to the 

 polar regions. We never look at M irs nearer than 30,- 

 000,000 miles. You see that as large a m iss was carried ofl 

 as though a territory as big as Spiiz',) ir^on or Nova 

 Zcmbla, or as large as England, wer.i broke -i off by som 

 great catastrophe. The idea auffgosttod by tbo natr 

 theory aa to Mara I* th.U Mar* may havo iiesa Inhibited 

 la pact iiuien, but la at present tuo bleak KB abode. V 



