GO 



Tucro arc proofs that the glacier which covered 

 the plain cf Switzerland, between the Alps and the 



Juras, was 0,000 feet thick. One of these proofs is 

 that there are immense quantities of erratic bowl- 

 des scattered over the declivity of the Jura facing 

 the Alps many of which are more thau 6,000 feet 

 above the Plain of Switzerland. 



Some of these erratic hlocks are of immense size, 

 continuing from 40.000 to 60,000 cubic feet, and many 

 of them can be traced to their homes in the Alps. 

 Evidently the glacier "which transported them across 

 the valley must have been at least 6.000 feet thick. 



The rocks in situ in the Plain of Switzerland aro 

 scratched, scored, and grooved in the direction of 

 the Juras; the sixmo course indicated by the bowl- 

 ders and moraines as the course of the glacier. 

 Stretching transversely across this valley from the 

 Alps to the Juras are immense trains of bowlders, 

 which are the lateral moraines of the ancient glacier 

 which once filled the valley. 



Between these lateral moraines the surface is 

 covered with inst such material as we would 

 expect from the bottom moraine of a glacier, 

 viz., a heterogeneous layer of large and small 

 rounded bowlders, clay and sand, laid down without 

 any order or arrangement whatsoever. On top of 

 this old bottom moraine are angular blocks that 

 once formed the" meduan moraine of the glacier that 

 transported them. 



One of the great terminal moraines of the North 

 American glacier crosses New-England about the 

 latitude of the White Mountains. The White Moun- 

 tains -were once a center of glaciers. AtMt. Desert are 

 evidences of local glaciers. There is great danger of 

 confounding local with extensive continental gla- 

 ciers. Continental glaciers preceded in point of 

 time the local glaciers; the local glaciers being the 

 remnants of the continental glaciers. 



Tril nnc Extras Pamphlet Series. 



polated the follvrrinsf remarks into his scientific 



KOTABLE EXTRACTS. 



MEMORABLE WORDS OF PROF. AGASSIZ. 



REMINIM KXCF.s OF Till' PKXIKKSE LECTURES AND 

 SOMi: 01 II IK MOK1 KKMAUKABLK EXPRESSIONS. 



Prof. Agassiz could never content himself in a 

 lecture upon a scientific subject, however pressing 

 the time, to deal with his subject without bringing 

 in some advice of general import, some practical 

 suggestion of universal application, and giving 

 eonio specimen chipped from that substratum of 

 primeval truth, which seemed to crop out wherever 

 he stood; Human nature and the common ethics of 

 everyday life were a not-neglected part <>f his natu- 

 ral history. "His life was a bundle of hints." It 

 was therefore not at all extraordinary that he intor- 



lecturea to the Anderson School : 



You have already discovered that wo knovbut 

 little, and that three-fourths of your questions we 

 are unable to answer. We only know how to inves- 

 tigate, and that you must learn, and we can only 

 guide you. No one can make observers of you, bui 

 you may be put under favorable circumstances. One 

 thine I would recommend; that you set aside all 

 conceit. Nothing is BO humiliating as the study of 

 nature, and so beneficial. She is always right, 

 though we may mistake. 



All knowledge is individual. It must be your 

 own and not that of anybody else. Your having a 

 firm memory will not suffice ; you must assimilate as 

 you digest food. W T e must find out facts for our- 

 selves, aud when we teach we must teach our pupils 

 to find out for themselves. It is the bane of our 

 schools to confound men with knowledge. By this 

 system a whole class of powers is allowed to lie 

 dormant. 



Encyclopedical knowledge is a fallacy : it is made 

 up aud not in accordance with nature. " * Un- 

 derneath you may have a solid nucleus of investiga- 

 tion of every department, but you must be in porno 

 direction a specialist. Then you can judge of others 

 by the attainments you have made in your own 

 specialty. 



Now for the general application. You must study 

 the history of science not in manufactured text 

 books, but look at the best books. For a universal 

 view read Hiunboldt. Study the relation of facts to 

 one another. That is the reason he is so great, and 

 he has a keenness of perception which no one else 

 has. The " Views of Nature" was his first step. ITo 

 then fortified himself by investigations in every 

 branch of physics and geology, and so meager were 

 his sources of information that he had t > go every- 

 where to determine in dill'cn;nt latitudes by minute 

 investigations the certainty of his conclusions 

 When Humboldt first published in a little paper of 

 1 \\ enty pages the results of these world-wide studies, 

 ho laid the foundation of isothermal science. He 

 sketched it exactly as it now stands, only no\v it has 

 has grown into a beautiful picture. Now, that kind 

 of outline sketches you should try to secure every- 

 where. 



Dissect as much as you can ; h-arn to do it neatly 

 and well, and work patiently at the same thing 

 BO yon will have a standard. As your guide in the 

 study of structure I would recommend Gegonbaur. 

 lie is the best authority on comparative anatomy. 

 Yet there arc difficulties. (Jegcnhaiir has an insight 

 into relations of structure according to anatomy, 



